160 FOSSIL BEMAINS OF MAN. 



ridges, the facial angle is not found to exceed 56°.* Un- 

 fortunately, no portions of the facial bones, whose confor- 

 mation is so decisive as regards the form and expression 

 of the head, have been preserved. The cranial capacity, 

 compared with the uncommon strength of the corporeal 

 frame, would seem to indicate a small cerebral develop- 

 ment. The skull, as it is, holds about 31 ounces of millet- 

 seed ; and as, from the proportionate size of the wanting 

 bones, the whole cranial cavity should have about 6 

 ounces more added, the contents, were it perfect, may be 

 taken at 37 ounces. Tiedemann assigns, as the cranial 

 contents in the Negro, 40, 38, and 35 ounces. The cra- 

 nium holds rather more than 36 ounces of water, which 

 corresponds to a capacity of 1033*24 cubic centimetres. 

 Huschke estimates the cranial contents of a Negress at 

 1127 cubic centimetres ; of an old Negro at 1146 cubic 

 centimetres. The capacity of the Malay skulls, estimated 

 by water, equalled 36, 33 ounces, whilst in the diminutive 

 Hindoos it falls to as little as 27 ounces." 



After comparing the Neanderthal cranium with many 

 others, ancient and modern, Professor Schaaffhausen con- 

 cludes thus : — 



" But the human bones and cranium from the Nean- 

 derthal exceed all the rest in those peculiarities of confor- 

 mation which lead to the conclusion of their belonging to 

 a barbarous and savage race. Whether the cavern in 

 which they were found, unaccompanied with any trace of 

 human art, were the place of their interment, or whether, 

 like the bones of extinct animals elsewhere, they had been 

 washed into it, they may still be regarded as the most an- 

 cient memorial of the early inhabitants of Europe." 



Mr. Busk, the translator of Dr. Schaaff hausen's paper, 



* Estimating the facial angle in the way suggested, on the cast I should 

 place it at 64° to 67°.— G. B. 



