164 FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAN. 



which I am infinitely indebted to him, to my inquiries, 

 and furthermore sent three excellent photographs. One 

 of these gives a side view of the skull, and from it Fig. 25 

 A. has been shaded. The second (Fig. 26 A.) exhibits 

 the wide openings of the frontal sinuses upon the inferior 

 surface of the frontal part of the skull, into which, Dr. 

 Fuhlrott writes, " a probe may be introduced to the depth 

 of an inch," and demonstrates the great extension of the 

 thickened supraciliary ridges beyond the cerebral cavity. 

 The third, lastly, (Fig. 26 B.) exhibits the edge and the 

 interior of the posterior, or occipital, part of the skull, and 

 shows very clearly the two depressions for the lateral si- 

 nuses, sweeping inwards towards the middle line of the roof 

 of the skull, to form the longitudinal sinus. It was clear, 

 therefore, that I had not erred in my interpretation, and 

 that the posterior lobe of the brain of the Neanderthal 

 man must have been as much flattened as I suspected it 

 to be. 



In truth, the Neanderthal cranium has most extraordi- 

 nary characters. It has an extreme length of 8 inches, 

 while its breath is only 5*75 inches, or, in other words, its 

 length is to its breadth as 100 : 72. It is exceedingly de- 

 pressed, measuring only about 3*4 inches from the gla- 

 bello-occipital line to the vertex. The longitudinal arc, 

 measured in the same way as in the Engis skull, is 12 

 inches ; the transverse arc cannot be exactly ascertained, 

 in consequence of the absence of the temporal bones, but 

 was probably about the same, and certainly exceeded 10J 

 inches. The horizontal circumference is 23 inches. But 

 this great circumference arises largely from the vast devel- 

 opment of the supraciliary ridges, though the perimeter 

 of the brain case itself is not small. The large supraciliary 

 ridges give the forehead a far more retreating appearance 

 than its internal contour would bear out. 



