FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAN. 169 



taken through the cheek bones, to the transverse diameter 

 of the skull ; in the more rounded or more gable-like form 

 of the roof of the skull, and in the degree to which the 

 hinder part of the skull is flattened or projects beyond the 

 ridge, into and below which, the muscles of the neck are 

 inserted. 



In some skulls the brain case may be said to be 

 1 round? the extreme length not exceeding the extreme 

 breadth by a greater proportion than 100 to 80, while the 

 difference may be much less.* Men possessing such skulls 

 were termed by Retzius ' br achy cephalic? and the skull 

 of a Calmuck, of which a front and side view (reduced 

 outline copies of which are given in figure 27) are de- 

 picted by Yon Baer in his excellent " Crania selecta," 

 affords a very admirable example of that kind of skull. 

 Other skulls, such as that of a Negro copied in fig. 28 

 from Mr. Busk's ' Crania typica,' have a very different, 

 greatly elongated form, and may be termed ' oblong.' In 

 this skull the extreme length is to the extreme breadth as 

 100 to not more than 67, and the transverse diameter of 

 the human skull may fall below even this proportion. 

 People having such skulls were called by Retzius ' dolicho- 

 cephalic? 



The most cursory glance at the side views of these two 

 skulls will suffice to prove that they differ, in another re- 

 spect, to a very striking extent. The profile of the face 

 of the Calmuck is almost vertical, the facial bones being 

 thrown downwards and under the fore part of the skull. 

 The profile of the face of the Negro, on the other hand, is 

 singularly inclined, the front part of the jaws projecting 

 far forward beyond the level of the fore part of the skull. 

 In the former case the skull is said to be ' orthognathous ' 



* In no normal human skull does the breadth of the brain case exceed its 



length. 



8 



