tolerances to environmental factors. Present day literature is dominated by 

 research on herring, plaice, and northern anchovy; the first two species are 

 rather atypical pelagic, marine fish larvae because of their unusually large size 

 and advanced development at hatching. Refinement of culture methods, 

 improved techniques for handling and testing delicate larvae, and examination 

 of multiple factor effects and interactions throughout the period of larval 

 development will help us to better understand how the environment acts on a 

 cohort of larvae. This knowledge can be incorporated into predictions of 

 recruitment success based on probable influences of environmental factors 

 operating during the larval stage. 



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 



Support from Environmental Protection Agency Grant R804519 made the 

 preparation of this paper possible. 



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