CONTENTS 



Preface to the Second Edition vii 



Preface to the First Edition ix 



I. Introduction: The Field and Problems of Biology .... 1 

 PART I. THE INDIVIDUAL ORGANISM 



II. The Organization of the Individual 11 



The human body as an example of individual organization; proto- 

 plasm and cells; tissues and glands; organs and organ systems; 

 integration. 



A. The Human Body 



III. The Framework of the Body 27 



The locomotor system (skeletal and muscular systems) ; the skeleton ; 

 the skeletal muscles; the integumentary system, or skin; the append- 

 ages of the skin. 



IV. The Intake of Materials and Energy 55 



Water; food materials; diet; vitamins; digestion and the digestive 

 system. 



V. Respiration and Excretion 73 



The respiratory system; oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange; 

 excretion and the excretory system. 



VI. The Circulatory System: The Common Carrier for the Body . 81 

 Blood; the structure and mechanics of the circulatory system; the 

 clotting of the blood ; defense against disease-producing organisms. 



VII. Coordination and Control: (1) The Nervous System. . . . 103 



Major features of the nervous system; structural and functional 

 elements; sensation and the senses; the nervous mechanism and the 

 brain. 



VIII. Coordination and Control: (2) The Endocrine Glands 125 



Hormones; the endocrine glands and their functions. 



B. The Individual Plant 



IX. The Organization of the Individual Plant 134 



Comparison of plant and animal organization; plant characteristics 

 resulting from the requirements of photosynthesis and the indeter- 



xi 



3i zn 



