516 



THE CHANGING GENERATIONS 



are of this sort. The other subtype, Atlanto- Mediterranean, is taller, more robust, 

 and larger headed with coarser features; it is frequent among the Berbers and the 

 Spanish and Portuguese. The Mediterranean race apparently originated in south- 

 western Asia. In Neolithic times it spread from the Near East over much of 

 Europe and North Africa and is the basic stock from which the Nordics and 

 Alpines were formed. South of the Sahara it blends with the Negroid race; and 

 the inhabitants of India seem to be Mediterraneans mixed with an increasing 

 proportion of dark-skinned, non-Negroid peoples toward the south. In south west- 



Fig. 31.2. Left, an Armenoid Dinaric from Tiflis; right, a Czech woman of Alpine type 

 (Courtesy Chicago Natural History Museum.) 



ern and central Asia many populations exhibit a transition from Mediterranean 

 to Mongoloid. 



The Nordic race is the one prevailing in northern Europe. It is essentially a 

 bleached-out version of the more ancient Atlanto-Mediterranean type. The head 

 averages long, with long, narrow, and deep-chinned face and a nose which is 

 commonly long, high, narrow and thin-tipped; the mouth tends to be thin-lipped, 

 the upper lip unusually long. The skin is pale or ruddy, the eyes blue or gray, the 

 hair generally blond and straight or wavy; baldness is prevalent among the men. 

 Nordic men tend to be robust, tall, slender, with sloping shoulders, shallow chest, 

 a rather long and narrow trunk, and long legs. Many upland Swedes and Nor- 

 wegians, north Germans, and some English, Scotch and Russians are of Nordic 

 ancestry. In the United States, according to Hooton, about 23 per cent of the 

 population consists of a Nordic-Alpine and 25 per cent of a Nordic-Mediterranean 

 mixture, both partially stabilized. The East Baltic subrace or race has the Nordic 

 coloration but a squarer head and a shorter, stockier build. It occurs along the 

 shores of the Baltic, mostly among Finns, Esthonians, Lithuanians, and Baltic 

 Russians. 





