518 



THE CHANGING GENERATIONS 



Thus Krogman thinks the Ainu may be generalized Mongoloids that have taken 

 on some resemblance to "Whites," but this hypothesis is not widely held. These 

 people are stocky brunets, medium-headed, and somewhat Alpinelike. They are 

 generalized but not particularly primitive. Their most notable characteristic is 

 extreme hairiness of head, face, and body. 



The great Asiatic or Mongoloid group. The chief recognition charac- 

 ters of this group of peoples are: hair straight and black, its texture 

 coarse ; skin color yellow or yellow-brown ; eye color medium to dark brown ; 

 eye form varying from ordinary to specialized, the latter with slitlike 



slanting opening caused by a fold 

 of the upper lid, which, when the 

 eye is open, conceals the edge of 

 the lid along its whole extent or 

 on the side toward the nose; nose 

 form generally infantile, of medium 

 breadth, with low root and bridge, 

 short somewhat thick tip, and 

 moderate "wings," usually concave 

 or straight in profile; cheek bones 

 prominent, usually covered by a 

 fatty pad; hairiness of face and 

 body the least of any of the great 

 groups. Other characteristics in- 

 clude: build variable, commonly 

 with broad shoulders, long trunk, 

 and short arms and legs ; stature vari- 

 able, in males usually averaging un- 

 der 5 feet 7 inches ; incisor teeth usu- 

 ally shovel-shaped ; a sacral pigmented 

 area (Mongoloid spot) often visible 

 in early life. Excluding the American 

 Indians (placed as a primary group) , 

 Boyd defines the Mongoloids in terms of blood-group genes as being high 

 in A i and B, highest of all in the rare gene Rh z , having little if any A 2 and 

 rh, and normal frequencies of M and N. 



The classic Mongoloid race, in which these traits find their fullest expression, 

 occurs from northeastern Siberia to northern China, and includes some Tibetan 

 and Mongolian groups. The head is round, with a cephalic index generally over 

 0.80 and averaging 0.85. The face tends to be unusually flat and "moonlike," 

 partly from its breadth, low nose, and flat forehead, and partly because the 

 hollow from eye sockets to cheek bone is filled flush with fatty tissue. "Slant 

 eyes" are commonest and most pronounced in these populations, but the trait 

 varies individually and from region to region. Howells calls these people the 



Fig. 31.4. The mongoloid eye fold. Upper 

 left, section of eye of Negroid or Caucasoid, 

 upper lid without fold. Upper right, sec- 

 tion of eye of "specialized" Mongoloid, 

 upper lid with overhanging fold. Lower 

 left, eye with mongoloid fold concealing 

 edge of lid; lower right, same with fold 

 retracted by finger to expose edge of lid. 

 (Redrawn from Wilder, The Pedigree of the 

 Human Race, by permission Henry Holt and 

 Company, Inc.) 



