522 



THE CHANGING GENERATIONS 



datings published since 1950. Objects of human manufacture (sandals) which 

 are 9,100 years old have been found in an Oregon cave; and bones of man asso- 

 ciated with those of ground sloth and guanaco from southern Chile prove to 

 be 8,800 years old, giving the latest possible time of man's arrival at the southern 

 tip of the Americas. Weapons and other traces of man found in a New Mexican 

 cave have been geologically dated as of fourth glacial age; and in Minnesota the 



Fig. 31.8. American Indians. Upper row, left to right: Muiconju Sioux, a North American 

 Great Plains type; Ottawa or Pottawatomie, an eastern North American Algonquian type; 

 Patagonian from southernmost South America. Lower row, left to right : Maya from Yuca- 

 tan, modeled by Malvina Hoffman; Tarascan from Michoacan, Mexico; Cayua from Matto 

 Grosso, Brazil. (All courtesy Chicago Natural History Museum, except Sioux, American 

 Museum oj Natural History, and Algonquian, photo by Prof. Emerson F. Greenman.) 



skeleton of an Indian woman was found in presumably undisturbed deposits of a 

 glacier-margin lake that existed some 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. The earliest 

 well-established radio-carbon date for the occurrence of man in America is 10,455 

 years ago. This age determination was made on dried dung of the extinct giant 

 ground sloth found with associated human artifacts in Gypsum Cave near Las 

 Vegas, Nev. 1 Man had certainly reached the New World by the end of the last 

 glaciation and may well have come during the preceding interglacial. 



1 For this and other radio-carbon dates see W. 

 University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1952. 



F. Libby, Radiocarbon Dating, 



