INDEX 



675 



Bony fishes, 427-430, 630, 658-659; 660 

 Boskop man, 504, 506 

 Bowman's capsule, 78; 79 

 Brachiation, 472, 478 

 Brachiopods, 419-420, 435, 641; 366 

 Brain, of annelids and arthropods, 191; 

 183 



in mammals, 457, 462 



in man, 104, 120-124; 105, 106 



in ostracoderms, 423 



in primates, 472 



in vertebrates, 657; 185 

 Brain stem, 104, 120 

 Breathing, 74, 187, 548; 25, 33 

 Breeding habits, 224-230, 552-553 



and land life, 438-439, 553; 594 

 Bronchial tubes, bronchioles, 74 

 Bryophytes, 196-197, 597, 607-610; 594 



origin of, 409 



reproduction in, 257-259 

 Budding, 214, 255 

 Buds, 141, 152-153, 262 

 Bushman race, 514, 526, 537-538; 512, 

 527 



C 



Caecum, 72/i., 361 

 Calamites, 412, 597, 612; 434 

 Calorie, 63n., 545n., 547n. 



nutritional requirements, 63-64 

 Calyx, 265; 263 

 Cambium, 146, 155-156 

 Cambrian period, 395, 407, 419-421; 402 

 Capillaries, blood, 86-91; 71, 92 



lymph, 91-92 

 Capillary attraction, 162 

 Carbohydrates, 56, 169 



and thiamine requirements, 60 

 Carbon cycle, 543 

 Carbon dioxide, in atmosphere, 170, 548 



in carbon cycle, 542; 543 



in photosynthesis, 169-171 



in respiration, 73, 171-172 

 Carboniferous period, 395, 411-413, 434 

 Carnivores, 370, 463, 666 

 Carotene, 58 

 Carpel, 264; 269, 270 

 Cartilage, 27, 29; 28 

 Cartilaginous fishes, 427, 657-658; 429 

 Castration, 245, 317 

 Catabolism, 13 

 Catalyst, 137n. 

 Catarrhines, 476-483, 666 

 Catastrophism, 333-334 

 Categories, taxonomic, 373-377 

 Caucasoids, 503, 505, 511, 514-518; 485, 

 502, 512 



Cauda, caudal, 32n., 240 

 Cell doctrine or principle, 6-8 

 Cell membrane, 17, 135; 16, 136 

 Cell wall, 135, 600; 136 

 Cells, 7, 12, 15-17; 20, 23 



discovery of, 6; 7 



meiotic division of, 216-219 



mitotic division of, 17-21 



origin of, 401 



of plants, 135-137, 595 

 Cellulase, 175 

 Cellulose, 135, 174, 600 

 Cement (cementum), 53, 465 

 Cenozoic era, 394, 416-418, 453, 456-469, 



483-487 

 Centriole, 17, 136; 18 

 Centromere, 18, 218-219 

 Centrosome, 17, 136; 18 

 Cephalaspids, 422-424 

 Cephalic, cephalon, definition of, 32rc. 

 Cephalic index, 513 

 Cephalization, 191 



Cephalopods, 419, 435, 630, 645-646; 426 

 Ceratopsian dinosaurs, 453; 44&, 452 

 Cerebellum, 104, 120-121; 105, 106, 122 

 Cerebral cortex, 124; 123 

 Cerebrum, 122-124; 105, 106 



in mammals, 457 



in primates, 472 

 Chemosynthesis, 199 

 Chiasma (chiasmata), 218-219, 298-299; 



300 

 Chick, development of, 238-239 

 Chimpanzee, 479-482; 485 

 Chinese, racial composition of, 519 

 Chlorenchyma, chlorophyll tissue, 154 

 Chlorophyll, 137, 166m., 169-171, 600, 

 601 



antiquity of, 368, 401 

 Chloroplasts, 167, 599-601 

 Choanate fishes, 428, 630, 658-659 

 Chordates, 362, 630, 655-667 



ancestry of, 421-422 



embryology of, 362-364 

 Chorion, 252; 250, 251 

 Choroid coat of eye, 110; 111 

 Chromatid, 18, 218-219; 217 

 Chromatin, 16; 18 

 Chromosomal changes, 312-313 

 Chromosome races, 348 

 Chromosomes, 17-21, 216-219 



bivalent, 218; 217 



crossing over in, 218-219, 298-299; 

 217, 300 



genes in, 290 



giant, in Diptera, 313, 348 



homologous, 21, 216 



and linkage, 299; 300 



