678 



INDEX 



Estrogens, 247-249 



Estrus, 246 



Eugenics, 323-325 



Euglena, 194, 632?;,. 



European group of mankind (see Cauca- 



soids) 

 Euryapsid reptiles, 440-442, 631; 443 

 Eurypterids, 425, 630, 651; 896 

 Eustachian tube, 240; 113 

 Evagination, 236 

 Evolution, of culture, 528-536 



organic, 329-353 



and biogeography, 349-351, 379-386 

 Darwinian theory of, 340-344 



modifications of, 343-353 

 growth of concept, 329-338 

 Evolutionary history, of amphibia, 430- 

 434 



of birds, 453-456 



of fishes, 421-430 



of horses, 464-469 



of mammals, 456-464 



of man, 488-506 



of plants, 399-418 



of primates, 470-487 



of reptiles, 437-453 

 Excretion, 22, 77-80, 189-190; 25, 75 

 Excretory system, 25, 73, 77-80; 75 



nephridial, 189-190; 183 



protonephridial, 189; 182 

 Extinction, 210, 329 



of horses in New World, 469 



Permian, 413, 435-436 



postglacial, 469, 490 



of reptiles, 453 

 Eye, 110-112; 185, 238 

 Eye color, 513 

 Eye fold, Mongoloid, 518 

 Eye socket, evolution of, in horses, 

 466-468 

 in primates, 470, 472-474 

 Eyelash length, inheritance of, 323 



F 



Fi and F 2 generations, 279-284; 285 



Factors (see Genes) 



Family, 3, 374-376, 596 



Fasciculus, 41; 42 



Fatigue, 44 



Fats and oils, 56-57, 169 



energy content of, 544 



synthesis of, by plants, 174, 542 

 Fauna, 380n. 

 Ferns, 197-199, 410, 597, 615-616; 594 



life cycle of, 259-262 

 Fertile Crescent, 534; 583 



Fertilization, 222; 220 



in angiosperms, 273; 270 



external and internal, 226-227, 438 



methods of ensuring, 226-227 

 Fiber, of muscle, 41; 20, 42 



of xylem, 159 

 Fibrils of muscle, 41 

 Fibrin, 97-98 

 Fibrinogen, 97, 98 

 Fin-backed reptiles, 458, 631 

 Fins, 426-428, 598 



and legs, 430-432 

 Fire, as an ecological factor, 584 



use of, by man, 529, 532 

 by man-apes, 486 

 Fishes, 659; 594 



air-breathing, 429-430; 481 



bony, 427-430, 658-660 



cartilaginous, 427, 657-658; 429 



choanate, 428-429, 658-659; 430 



Devonian, 425-430 



ganoid, 659 



jaw evolution in, 426-427; 428 



jawless, 657; 428 



nostriled, 427, 657-658; 429 



primitive-jawed, 426-427, 657; 428 



ray-finned, 428, 630, 659; 429, 660 



scales of, 428; 430 



teleost, 630; 594 

 Fission, 211-213, 215, 255, 599 

 Flagellum, 190; 179, 180 

 Flame cell, 189, 637 

 Flatworms, 182-184, 189, 191, 629, 637- 



639 

 Flora, 380n. 



Flowering plants (see Angiosperms) 

 Flowers, 262-268 



complete and incomplete, 266; 263. 

 264, ^68 



disk and ray, 268; 263, 267 



essential and accessory parts of, 264- 

 265 



and insects, 272-273, 570; 271 



perfect and imperfect, 265-266; 263, 

 264 



regular and irregular, 266; 265, 272, 

 278 



spiral and cyclic, 265, 266 



staminate and pistillate, 268; 264 



types of, 265-268; 263 

 Folic acids, 61 



Follicle, ovarian, 129, 243, 244, 247 

 Food, of animals, 55-63 



of plants, 169 

 Food capture, 134, 550-552 t 

 Food chains, 544, 574-578; 572, 578 

 Food manufacture, 134, 137, 169-171, 

 542, 550 



