INDEX 



685 



Parasites, animal, 565, 576-578; 654 



plant, 200-202 

 Parasympathetic nerves, 120 

 Parathormone, 130 

 Parathyroid glands, 130, 240; 127 

 Parenchyma, 145, 146, 167; 144, 154 

 Parental care, 227-230; 455, 479 

 Parthenogenesis, 214, 224 



artificial, 224 



and bisexual reproduction, 224, 555 



and sex in honeybee, 292 

 Pectoral girdle, 35-36, 38; 80, 34, 39 



of lobe fins and amphibians, 430; 433 

 Pedicel, peduncle, 262-263; 265-267 

 Peking man, 494-496, 505, 532, 666; 485, 



502 

 Pellagra, 61 



Pelvic girdle, 36-38, 448; 30, 39, 449 

 Pelycosaurs, 458, 631 

 Penis, 227, 242, 664 

 Pentadactyl limb, 358, 359; 433 



origin of, 430; 438 

 Pepsin, 66, 68 

 Pericardium, 74, 84; 75 

 Pericycle, 145; 1 44, 1 54 

 Perilymph, 114 

 Periosteum, 29; 28 

 Perissodactyls, 464-465, 666 

 Peristalsis, 71 



Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity, 66, 243 

 Permian period, 394 



life of, 413-414, 435-436, 439-440, 446 

 Petals, 264; 268, 265 

 Petiole, 166 

 Petrifaction, 396 

 Phagocytes, 82, 92, 101 

 Pharynx, 65, 182, 185; 188 

 Phenotype, 283, 304, 317 



environmental influence on, 311, 317 



in racial studies, 511-513 

 Phloem, 145-146, 160-161, 163-165; 1 44, 



154 

 Photosynthesis, 137-138, 169-171, 192- 

 193, 542, 545, 573 



and medium, 550 



and respiration, 171-172 

 Phylogeny, 365 



and recapitulation, 364-368 

 Phylum, 3, 374, 377, 596; 875 

 Physiology, homologies in, 368-371 



(See also various organs, systems, and 

 processes) 

 Phytoplankton, 406, 407, 575; 573 

 Phytosaurs, 446-447; 631; 393 

 Piltdown man, 500-501, 666; 485, 502 

 Pineal body, 132, 361, 444; 122, 127 

 Pineal eye, 423, 444 

 Pines, 415, 620; 416 



Pioneer communities, 578; 574-577 

 Pistil, 264, 269; 263 

 Pith and pith rays, 155; 154 

 Pitocin (oxytocin), 129 

 Pitressin (vasopressin), 129 

 Pituitary gland, 128; 122, 127 

 Placenta, human, 228, 253 



in mammals, 462, 473-475 



in seed plants, 264 

 Placental mammals, 460, 462-464, 666- 



667 

 Placoderm fishes, 426-427, 630, 657 

 Planaria, 182, 637; 638 

 Plankton, 406, 407, 419, 551, 601 

 Plankton strainers, 423-424, 551; 548- 



552, 682, 646 

 Plants, cells of, 135-137, 597 



classification of, 135n., 193, 595-626; 

 594 



compared with animals, 134-139, 192- 

 193 



evolutionary history of, 399-418; 594 



food manufacture by, 137-138, 169- 

 171, 192-193, 542, 545, 573; 543 



indeterminate growth of, 139 



insectivorous, 202-204 



multicellular, 195-199 



nutritional requirements of, 138-139 



organizational patterns of, 192-204 



origin of, 399-404 



parasitic, 200-202, 565, 602-605; 566 



saprophytic, 200-202, 603; 408, 604, 

 606 



unicellular, 193-195, 598-602 



without chlorophyll, 199-202, 407-408, 

 597, 602-607 

 Plasma, 82, 97, 98 

 Plastids, 17, 600, 601; 136 

 Platelets, 82, 97-98; 20 

 Platyhelminthes (see Flatworms) 

 Platypus (duckbill), 459, 632 

 Pleistocene epoch, 394, 418, 469, 488- 



493; 502 

 Plesiosaurs, 440-442, 631; 448 

 Pliohippus, 469; 467 

 Plumule, 140 

 Pluvial periods, 490 

 Polar bodies, 221; 220 

 Pollen grains, 269, 273; 270 

 Pollen tube, 272-273; 270 

 Pollination, 271-273 

 Polynesian race, 514, 527, 538; 512, 528 

 Polyploidy, 313, 381 

 Polysaccharide, 56, 173 

 Pons, 104, 122; 106 

 Populations, buffer, 567 



dynamics of, 351-352 



human, growth of, 507, 533, 536; 590 



