688 



INDEX 



Soils, as medium, 545 



Solo man, 498-499, 505; 485, 502 



Solutes, intake by plants, 150-151 



tranportation in plants, 163-165 

 Soma and somatic tissues, 213-214, 344 

 Somites, 237, 362, 628; 234, %S8 



formation of, 237; 234, 238 

 Sorus (sori), 199, 260; 198, 259 H 

 Special creation, 332-333 

 Speciation, 342, 344-352, 384-386 

 Species, 3, 372-374, 596 



number of existing, 329w. 



as population, 344, 349-353, 372, 381 

 Specificity, of enzymatic reactions, 174 



of precipitin reactions, 369, 370 

 Sperm (spermatozoa), 222, 241; 220 



maturation of, 221-222; 220 



in plants, 258, 261, 618; 259, 608, 614 

 Sperm nuclei in seed plants, 269; 270 

 Spermatids, 222; 220 

 Spermatocytes, spermatogonia, 221; 220 

 Spermatogenesis, 221-222; 220 

 Spermatophytes (see Seed plants) 

 Spinal cord, 104, 116-118; 106, 119, 185 

 Spindle, spindle element, 19; 216, 18 

 Spiny anteater, 459, 632; 460 

 "Spiny sharks," 426-427 

 Spirogyra, 195, 552 



reproduction in, 255 

 Spleen, 84; 89, 185 



Sponges, 179-181, 551, 629, 633-635; 594 

 Spontaneous generation, 207-210 

 Sporangium (sporangia), 260; 259 

 Spore mother cell, 269 

 Spores, dispersal of, 260; 256 



formation of, in bryophytes, 258-259 

 in pteridophytes, 260; 259 

 in spermatophytes, 269-271 

 in thallophytes, 256n., 257 

 Sporophylls, 264 

 Sporophyte generation, 254; 262 



in bryophytes, 258; 257 



in pteridophytes, 259-260 



in spermatophytes, 262, 268-269; 270 



in thallophytes, 256, 257 

 Sporulation, 212, 257 

 Spreading, 381-382 

 Squirrels, adaptive modifications of, 378 



classification of, 372-376, 667 

 Stamens, 264-266, 269; 263 

 Stapes, 114, 457; 113 

 Starch, 173-175, 600 

 Starfishes, 629, 642; 643 



cleavage and gastrulation in, 232, 233 

 Static sense, 109, 114-115 

 Steapsin, 68, 70 



"Stegocephalians," 432-434, 631, 659, 

 661 



Stegosaurs, 452 



Steinheim man, 498; 485, 502 



Stele, 145, 155; 144 



Stem reptiles (see Cotylosaurs) 



Stems, 141, 152-165; 138 



of herbaceous dicots, 153, 158 



of monocots, 153, 158-159; 159 



of woody dicots, 153-158; 160 

 Sterkfontein man-ape, 486; 484, 485 

 Stigma, 264, 271; 263 

 Stoma (stomata), 167-168, 197, 550 

 Stomach, 66; 25, 67, 69, 185 



digestion in, 66-68 



producing gastrin, 132 

 Style, 264; 263 

 Suberin, 145, 146 

 Submucosa, 65; 71 

 Subspecies, 350, 384-385 



of mankind, 506, 514 

 Succession, biotic, 578-586; 57'4~576 



human interference with, 585-586 

 Sucrose, 173 

 Suction force, 149-150 

 Sugars, 56, 163-164, 169-171, 542-544 

 Sustentative tissues, 22, 28-29; 20 

 Sutton-Boveri hypothesis, 290 

 Swanscombe man, 501 

 Swartkrans man-ape, 486-487; 485 

 Symbiosis, 201-202, 568-569, 605-607 

 Sympathetic nervous system, 120 

 Synapse, 108, 117-118 

 Synapsid reptiles, 439, 631; 440 

 Systems, physiological, 11, 24-26 

 Systole of heart chamber, 93; 86 



Tarsiers, tarsioids, 471, 473, 666; 485 



Taste, 109 



Taungs man-ape, 486; 485 



Taxis (taxes), 354 



Taxonomy, 371-377 



Teeth, in mammals, 457 



in man, 52, 360, 513; 53 



modifications of, in horses, 465-469 

 in primates, 473 

 Telophase, 21, 219; 18, 217 

 Temperature, of body, 48, 52 



as environmental factor, 553-554 



fluctuations of, and medium, 547-548 



and humidity, 555 

 Tertiary period, 394, 456 

 Testis, 241, 246; 127, 242 

 Testosterone, 245 

 Tetanus, 43 



Tetrapod vertebrates, 631-667 

 Thalamus, 104, 122 



