PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 65 



In Artedi's ichthyological works there are numerous references 

 to places where he had seen American fishes, especially at Spring- 

 garden,* and at " the Naggshead," and the "White-bear," and the 

 Green Dragon in Stepney, in those days a famous hostelry in 

 London. He speaks also of collections at the houses of Mr. 

 Lillia and Master Saltero's f in Chelsey and at Stratford, and 

 also in the collection of Seba, in Amsterdam, and in that of Hans 

 Sloane. 



With the exception of " the monk or Angel-jish, Anglis, aliis 

 Mermaid-fish" probably a species of Squatlna^ which he saw at 

 the Nag's Head, all the fishes in these London collections be- 

 longed to the order Plectognathi. 



Josselyn, after telling us how a Piscataway colonist had the for- 

 tune to kill a Pilhannaw — the king of the birds of prey — continues, 

 " How he disposed of her I know not, but had he taken her 

 alive and sent her over into England, neither Bartholomew or 

 Sturbridge Fair could have produced such another sight." % 



Shakespeare's mirror strongly reflects the spirit of the day. 

 When Trinculo, cast ashore upon a lonesome island, catches a 

 glimpse of Caliban he exclaims : 



"What have we here? A man or a fish? Dead or alive? 

 A fish : he smells like a fish ; a very ancient and fish-like smell. 

 * * * A strange fish ! Were I in England now, as once I 

 was, and had but this fish painted, not a holiday fool there but 

 would give a piece of silver ; there would this monster make a 

 man ; any strange beast there makes a man ; when they will not 

 give a doit to relieve a lame beggar, they will lay out ten to see a 

 dead Indian. "§ 



The compilers of the great encyclopasdia-like works on natural 

 history were quick to pick up the names and descriptions of the 

 American animals which had found their way to Europe, and 



* Later known as Vauxhall Gardens, a famous place of resort. 

 fThe barber-virtuoso, described in Bulwer's " Devereux." 

 J Josselyn : Two Voyages to New England (163S-1673). 

 §^4 Winter's Tale. 



