Boreal Division. 9 



Date Author Xamv gin')} to rrgioii Sltidi/ hastrl on Rimk 



1853 Schmarda .... Barren Grounds Animals 2 



1854 Agassiz Arctic Realm Animals 1 



1856 Woodward . . . Region of Saxifrages and Mollusks 1 



Mosses. 



1858 Cooper Arctic Province Plants 1 



1866 Grisebach .... Arctic- Alpine Region . . . Plants 1 



1870 Brown Treeless or Eskimo Prov- Forests 1 



ince. 



1871 Allen Arctic Realm Animals 1 



1875 Cope Arctic Realm Animals 1 



1878 Dyer Arctic-Alpine Flora .... Plants 2 



1882 Engler Arctic Region Plants 2 



1883 Packard Arctic Realm Animals 1 



1883 Jordan Arctic Province 3Iollusks 2 



1884 Drude Arctic District Plants 2 



1887 Brendel Arctic- Alpine Division . . Plants 1 



1887 Reichenow. . . . Arctic Zone Birds 1 



1887 Nelson Arctic District (Ala.skan). Birds 1 



1888 Brauer Arctic Sub region Mammals 2 



1890 MeiTiam Arctic Region Animals and plants. 2 



Boreal Division. 



This heading is intended to cover the zone of coniferous forests 

 extending across the continent south of tlie Arctic Realm. While 

 its northern boundary is fixed at the limit of trees, its southern 

 border has been variously placed by ditferent writers. Schouw 

 did not recognize it at all, l)ut carried his great forest region down 

 to latitude 36°, where the true southern district begins. Berg- 

 haus, who in other respects followed Schouw, divided this great 

 region into two parts, the northernmost of which he named the 

 '■Realm of Conifers,^ placing its southern limit in the east at al)out 

 latitude 47°. Hinds, Agassiz, Woodward, Verrill, and Drude 

 speak of it as the ^Canadian ' Region. Its southern limit is here 

 extended to include the 'Cajiarfmn Fauna ^ of recent zoological 

 writers. 



The extent to which this zone has lieen recognized will appear 

 from the following table : 



Date Author Xame given to regiou Study based on Rank 



1830 Pickering .... Canadian Flora Plants 2 



1838 Berghaus Realm of Conifers Plants 1 



1843 Hinds Canadian Region Plants 1 



1853 Sclimarda .... Region of Coniferous Animals 2 



Forests. 



2 -Biol. Soc. Wash.. Vol. VII, 1W12. 



