Number Page 



78 Close-up of a concentration of willow seedlings 



at the shoreline of the Jim River ponded area .... 248 



79 Vegetated organic mats that were washed down- 

 stream and grounded during high water on Toolik 



River floodplain gravel bars 249 



80 Tanana Ri ver-Upstream showing shoreline diver- 

 sity and vegetative development in the upper pit . . . 256 



81 Undisturbed buffer along the original stream 

 channel at Aufeis Creek (downstream disturbed 



area only) 264 



82 Gravel fill ramp used to protect the incised 



bank at the Sagavan irktok River study site 266 



83 Thermal and hydraulic erosion of permafrost 

 induced by multiple passes of a tracked vehicle 

 across an unprotected incised floodplain 



bank and adjacent tundra 267 



84 Armored bank protecting the West Fork Tolovana 

 River pit from a channel diversion into the 



mined site 267 



85 Typical Seward Peninsula landform at Penny River . . . 293 



86 Typical view of an Arctic Coastal Plain floodplain . . 295 



87 Dietrich River valley 298 



88 Lower Middle Fork Koyukuk River valley 298 



89 McManus Creek val ley 501 



90 Phelan Creek valley 302 



91 Gravel ramp at Shaviovik River site providing 



access over a permafrost river bank 322 



92 Thermal erosion near Ugnuravik River resulting 

 from compaction and destruction of the vegeta- 

 tive mat overlying ice-rich permafrost soils . . . 323 



93 Configurations of study rivers 335 



XV I I 



