reduction in gravel quantity, considering a typical gravel pad with 1^:1 

 side slopes and a crest width of 10 m. Gravel needs during construction of 

 the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System were reduced by using this solution for 

 110 km of the pipeline workpad on the North Slope. Depending upon relative 

 costs of gravel and insulation, synthet i ca I I y- i nsu I ated embankments may or 

 may not be less costly than their all-gravel counterparts (Wellman et al. 

 1976). 



313 



