Cut-off 

 channel 

 created 

 by mining 



Original 

 channel 



a) Skeetercake Creek showing cut-off channel, 4 September 1975. 



b) Jim River showing side channel created by mining in a high- 

 water channel, 12 August 1978. 



c) West Fork Tolovana River pit created by deep excavating in 

 an abandoned channel, 29 July 1978. 



Figure 48. Creation of low velocity side channels and inundated 

 pit following gravel extraction. 



160 



