308 SEA-SIDE STUDIES. 



prematurely enjoy this triumph: if the imperfect bee is 

 always a male, the imperfect moth {Psyche) is always 

 a female ; and to reconcile both parties, we have the 

 silk -worm moth, w^hose virgin progeny is both male 

 and female. 



In conclusion, be it noted that Von Siebold's work 

 establishes Parthenogenesis as a normal process in bees 

 and moths, on grounds which, Funke justly says, do 

 not permit the severest scepticism to raise a doubt 

 worthy of notice. * He, moreover, points to the fact 

 that among the Entomostraca there are species of which 

 only the female is known ; again, thousands of females 

 of the gall-fly have been examined, but not a single 

 male has yet been found. 



Thus Parthenogenesis has been found to exist in 

 Polypes, ]\Iolluscs, Annelids (by M. Quatrefages in the 

 Syllis), and Insects. It has also been found in plants. 

 The Gwlebogyne Ilicifolia, one of the Euphorhiacice to 

 be seen in Kew Gardens, is a striking example. Only 

 the female of this plant has reached England, yet it 

 continues yearly to produce descendants, although no 

 male has arrived, f " In fact,'' says Dr Lankester, 

 " Parthenogenesis, in all its integrity, has now been 

 observed in a large number of cases in the vegetable 

 kingdom. The occurrence of seeds, independent of 

 stamens, was first observed in a Euphorbiaceous plant 

 in the gardens at Kew. It has subsequently been ob- 



* Funke. LehrhucTi der Physiologie, 1857, p. 1326. 

 f Radlkofer : Ueher wahre Parthenogenesis bei Pflanzen, in Siebold 

 u. KoLLlKER, Zeitschrift, viii. 458. 



