414 GLOSSARY. 



BoTRYLLUS — A little animal belonging to the Compound Ascidians. 



Its colonies are found growing on sea- weed and stones^ and look like 



masses of jelly, with starg imbedded in them. 

 BRANCHiiE— The gills, 

 Brittle-Star — One of the Starfishes. 

 Bryozoa — See Polyzoa. 

 Byssus — Silky filaments by which Mussels and other shell-fish attach 



themselves firmly to the rocks. 



C-^CAL — The ccecum is a blind tube ; caecal prolongations of the intes- 

 tine are therefore ramifications without openings at the farther ends. 



Calamary — One of the Cephalopoda {LoUgo), vulgarly called " Squib/' 

 and often confounded with the Cuttle-fish, 



Cephalic — -Belonging to the head. 



Cephalopoda — Molluscs having long prehensile arms projecting from 

 the head — e. g. the Cuttle-fish. 



Cilia — Microscopic hairlike bodies which constitute the sole organs of 

 locomotion in some animals, and which, by their incessant vibration, 

 cause currents in the water. Ciliary action has nothing voluntary 

 in it, and continues long after the death of the animal. 



Ciliobrachiate — Animals having cilia on their tentacles. They were 

 formerly supposed to be Polypes, and distinguished only by the pre- 

 sence of cilia on the tentacles. They are now classed as Polyzoa. 



Cirripeds, or Cirripeda — A class of articulated animals having curled 

 and jointed feet. 



Cla yelling — Compound Ascidians. (Frontispiece, fig. 4.) 



Crassicornis — A species of Sea Anemone, also called the Coriaceous 

 Anemone. 



Crustacea — A class of articulated animals having a cnist, or thick 

 skin, which they shed periodically — e. g. Lobsters, Shiimps, Water- 

 fleas. 



Daisy — A species of Sea Anemone : A cfinia Bellis. 



Dianthus — A species of Sea Anemone : the Plumose Anemone. 



Differentiation — When one tissue — e. g. cartilage — is converted into 

 another — e. g. bone — it is said to be differentiated. The process by 

 which the fluid mass that constitutes an Q^g becomes converted into 

 a bird, is the process of differentiation, Gi'oicth is mere increase of 

 bulk ; differentiation is the appearance of new matter or new forms. 



DicECious— Plants or animals of separate sexes. 



Doris— A Mollusc of the Nudibranch order. (See Plate II,, fig. 2.) 



EcHiNODERMATA — Animals having spinous coverings, as Stai-fishes, 

 Sea- eggs, Sea-iirchins, &,c. 



Endosmosis — The passage of one fluid, through a membrane, to an- 

 other fluid, 



Entomostraca — Little Crustaceans, popularly called Water-fleas. 



