Br EUSTACE W. FERGUSON. 23 



anterior is the most conspicuous and separates off a distinct anterior collar; the 

 middle is, as a rule, only indicated at the sides, where it generally forms a deep 

 indentation between the lateral tubercles; the posterior forms a nan-ow ring 

 around the base. Longitudinally, in most species, the disc may be divided into 

 three portions; a median area, often more or less raised as a whole, though gen- 

 erally depressed along the median line and bounded on each side by a row of 

 tubercles, which 1 have termed the submedian row; a sublateral area, without 

 tubercles, but sometimes granulate, and the explanate lateral margins. The 

 submedian tubercles are about 7 in number on each side, the first two being in 

 front of the anterior constriction and the last on the basal constriction; the rest 

 are arranged in one of two ways ; in certain species, all the tubercles are in line 

 or little out of it, such I describe a-s being in single series ; in the other type, the 

 intermediate tubercles are what I tenn exserted, that is, they are more outwardly 

 placed and irregularly ai'ranged, generally with one or two transversely set, the 

 penultimate often elongate, obliquely placed and overhanging the basal constric- 

 tion. The lateral margins present, broadly, three forms which may be termed 

 tuberculate, spinose and dentate. In the tuberculate form the margins project 

 outwards in two or three flattened, more or less triang\ilar tubercles, of which 

 the one situated immediately in front of the median constriction is the largest 

 and is here termed the median; anterior to this is a smaller tubercle, varying in 

 size and more or less closely fused with the median; behind the median constric- 

 tion is another large tubercle, smaller than the median, which I term the postero- 

 lateral, or briefly the posterior. Anterior to the anterior constriction there is 

 always present a small tubercle on the lateral margin of the anterior collar, which 

 J have not made use of in descriptions, while, between the median and posterior 

 tubercles, a small tubercle or granule is generally present, but lying lielow their 

 plane. 



In the spinose form, the median lateral tubercle is a strong, generally re- 

 curved, acute spine, the anterior is generally considerably smaller, while the pos- 

 tfrior may be strongly developed and spiniform or represented by a mere spicule. 

 In the dentate forms, the tubercles are less regular and often conjoined, though the 

 median constriction is generally well marked, the three main tubercles being some- 

 times only traceable with diflBculty. In the second section, the median area and 

 submedian tubei'cles are not, or hardly, marked off from the rest • of the disc 

 which is more or less evenly granulate. The sides of the prothorax are convex, 

 and marked by several oblique and irregidar gi-ooves. 



The elytra are elongate, roughly about three times as long as the prothorax; 

 the base is gently emarginate and bounded by the humeral angles which lie at the 

 junction of the fifth and seventh interstices, the angle generally being marked 

 by a single tubercle: sometimes the bases of the first and third interstices show 

 forward projecting granviles or tubercles. The apex is rounded, sometimes with 

 an extreme emargination, or may be slightly ]irodueed, ])articularly in the female, 

 and mucronate. The punctures are always shallow and generally indistinct, some- 

 times transvei'sely confluent. The interstices bear rows of granules, but these are 

 often confused by the tubercles and are generally only well developed on the 

 first two interstices. Each elytron, with few exceptions, bears three rows of 

 tubercles, situated on the third, fifth and seventh intei-stices ; the first row ex- 

 tends from the ba.se to the edge of the posterior declivity, the posterior being the 

 largest and generally conical or acutely spinif oi-m ; the second row starts farther 

 from the base and as a rule extends slightly beyond the first row posteriorly, the 



