226 REVISION- OF THE FAMILY Er.STHENIIDAE ( ORDEI! PERLARIA), 



It seems most remarkable that so wonderful au insect as this sliuuld have 

 remained unnoticed and undescribed for so many yeai-s. Tliougb the specimen 

 is undated, it is evidently of considerable age. It is fortunate that tlie 

 Upper Yarra at Warburton still remains comparatively untouched by tlie ,2:ro\vtIi 

 of Melbourne, so that there are reasonable hopes of further sjjcciniciis of this 

 fine insei-t being discovered, and its life history being worked out. 



TiiAu:wAT()rERLA K'cmi'sTA. n.sp. (Plate xi., Fig. 1.). 



?. Total y)iijtli, 21) nnu.. ulxhniicn (<lried), 17 mm., fureiciiiij, 22 uiui., hiiid- 

 ivinp, 20.5 nun., expanse, 47 mm. 



Head shiny black al)ovc. with a small yellowish spot on each side of the 

 frontal suture, just below and inwards from the base of the antenna; a trans- 

 verse narrow baud of olive greenish on the labrum, and a slight touch of yel- 

 lowish brown on mandibles and maxillae ; genae orange l)rown ; labium dull 

 brownish. Eyes dark olive grey. Antennae 17 nun. long, black, composed of 

 fifty or more joints. 



Thorax: Pronotum rich orange, the convex anterior border somewhat 

 darkened; length of pronotum, 4.5 mm., l)readth, 7.5 nun., the latter greatest 

 anteriorly; prosternum, yellowish grey. Mesa- and metalliorax black, with a band 

 of pale brown between the bases of tlie forewing's; tliis colour extends on to 

 (ho basal dilated portion of the costal space of the forewings. and carries golden 

 hairs on Ijoth the thorax and wings. Leys black, the fore femora i>ale brown 

 on anterior border and part of underside; the middle and hind teraora with 

 these same parts coloured more greyish yellow. Winys uniformly dull blackish, 

 exce]it for the small |iidi-h of jiale brown at base of costal space ol' torcwings, 

 already mentioned. 



Abdomen broad, nearly cylindrical, somewhat llattened, black, derci 

 (apparently with some di.stal joints missing), with 15 Or more short joints, the 

 basal ones shorter than the more distal, and all carrying cilia; colour black. 



Type: Holotype 9, Oillection of the National Museum. .Melbourne. \'ic- 

 toria. 



Ilah.- Warburdm. Vicloria. 



Subfamily EL'STHE.\'IIXAE, n.subfam. 



(^haractei's as given in the Key on p. 224. 



The type of markings found on the wings of the Kustheiiiinae is a great 

 help in distinguishing the rather closely allied species. In the forewing (Text- 

 fig. 2), attention must be paid to the following markings: — Situated transversely 

 across the wing, at about two-thirds from the base, is Ihe very ))i'omiiient pale 

 luiiule (In), which may be narrow or wide, and either clearly delimited both dis- 

 tal ly and basally, or somewhat indistinctly outlined basally. Along the radius, 

 from below the humeral cross-vein {hm) to the apex of the lunule, tiiere is some- 

 times prescnl a red strii)e, called the radial stripe (rs), which may (u- may not 

 send out a short downward i)rolongation covering M.-.. as shown in Text-lig. 2. 

 Below the humeral cross-vein, in the basal space between W-)-iM and Cu, there 

 is sometimes ])resent a ))ale oval mark called the subhiuneral oral mark (sml. 

 It is also important to note whether the main veins are dark, or outlined in a 

 pale colour on .i darker background; in the latter case, the wing has the ap- 

 piarance called reticulated. In the hindwing, there is always a bieolorous pat- 

 tern, the wing being divided into a ba.-ial area, nearly always bright red, but some- 



