390 ilANGROXE AND SALTMARSH VEGETATION NEAR SYDNEY, N.S.W., 



3. The first and outermost is mangrove formation characterised by two species, 

 Avicennia officinalis and Aegiceras majus. 



4. . The second, inner formation is saltmarsh, in which two associations are 



recognised, (a) S'aliconiietnm, (b) Jwicetum. 



5. Developmental groups or associes of Salicornietum are often fuuud in zoned 

 arrangement according to slight differences in level. 



(). With accretion and attainment of uniform surface level, these associes mingle 

 to find ultimate expression in mature Salicor)iia association. 



7. Special conditions at Cabbage Tree Creek, Port Hacking, are described. 

 Here, drift sand has been raising the level of the mai'sh for some years and 

 ha-s brought about the imposing of one formation upon another. At tlie 

 present day the marginal association of the saltmarsh — Juncetum — is invad- 

 ing Salicornietum, which consequently shows signs of arrested development. 



8. The occurrence of a dwarf-form of Avicennia officinalis is recorded tor 

 Cabbage Tree Creek, Port Hacking. 



!). In a general discussion and table the vegetation of the tidal flats near 

 Sydney is compared with those of Great Britain and other countries. 



Literature Cited. 



Black, J. M.. 1910. — A Revision of the Australian Salic.ornieae. Trails. Roy. 



Soc. S. Aii.st., xliii., pp. 355-367. 

 Carey, A. E. and Oliver, F. W., 1918.— Tidal Lands. A Study of Shore 



Problems, pp. 104-203. 

 Clemexts, r. E., 1910. — Plant Succession. An Analysis of the Development 



of Vegetation. Carnegie Institution of Wa^'^hington. Pub. No. 242, pp. 



116-143. 

 David, T. W. E. and Halligan", G. H., 1908. — Evidence of recent submcrgcnc-e 



of the Coast at Narrabeen. Prnc. Ro;/. Soc. N.S.W., vol. xlii., pp. 229-237. 

 Ganong, W. F., 1903.— The Vegetation of the Bay of Fundy Salt and Diked 



Marshes. Bot. Gaz., 36. 

 Hamii.tox, a. a., 1919. — An Ecological Study of the Saltmarsh Vegetation in 



the Port Jackson District. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W., xliv.. Part 3, pp. 463- 



513. 

 Harsiiherger, J. W., 1909. — The Vegetation of the Saltmarshes and of the 



Salt and Fresh Water Ponds of Nortliern Coastal New Jersey. I'roc. Acad. 



Nat. Sei. Philadelphia. 

 Harphberger, J. W., 1910. — The Origin and Vegetation of Saltmarsh Pools. 



Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, Iv., No. 6. 

 Hedlet, C, 1915. — An Ecological Sketch of (lie Sydney Beaches. Proc. Rotf. 



Soc. N.S.W., xlix., pp. 44-40. 

 HowAUTH, W. 0., 1920. — Notes on tlie Habitats and Ecological Clmracfers of 



Three Suli-varieties of I'estiica rubra L. {sens ampl.). Jatir. Ecol. viii.. 



No. 3. pp. 210-231. 

 Hir.i,. T. G., 1909.— The Bouche d'En|uy in 1908. Xcw Phiit., viii. 

 JOHXSON, D. S. and York. H. H.. 1915.— The Relation of Plants to Tide- 

 levels. Camrpie Tnsf. Washington, Pub. No. 206. 

 JosK, Tavi.or and Woolnougu, 1911. — New South Wales, Historical, Physio- 

 graphical and Economic. Christchurch. N.Z. 

 Newman, L. F. and AVai, worth, G., 1919. — A preliminary Note on tiie Ecology 



of Part of the Scmtli T,incoInshire ("oast. .Tourn. Ecol. vii., pp. 204-210. 

 Ou\-ER, F. W., 1907.— Tiie Bouche d'Erquy in 1907. New Phyt., vi. 



