LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



FIGURE PACE 



1. Skeleton of Seal 67 



2. Skeleton of Greenland Whale 69 



3. Paddle of Whale Compared with Hand of Man .... 70 



4. Wing of Reptile, Mammal, and Bird 71 



5. Skeleton of Dinornis gravis 74 



6. Hermit Crabs Compared with Cocoa-Nut Crab .... 76 



7. Rudimentary or Vestigl^l Hind Limbs of Python .... 78 



8. Apteryx australis 79 



9. Illustrations of the Nictitating Membrane in the Various 



Animals 84 



10. Rudimentary, or Vestigial and Useless, Muscles of the 



Human Ear 85 



11. Portrait OF A Young Gorilla 86 



12. Lower Extremities OF A Young Child 87 



13. An Infant, Three Weeks Old, Supporting Its Own Weight 



FOR Over Two Minutes 88 



14. Sacrum of Gorilla Compared with That of Man .... 89 



15. Dlagrammatic Outline of the Human Embryo When about 



Seven Weeks Old 90 



16. Front and Back View of Adult Human Sacrum .... 90 



17. Appendix vermiformis in Orang and in Man 91 



18. Appendix venniformis in Orang and Man, Showing Variation 



IN THE Orang 91 



19. Human Ear Modeled and Drawn by Mr. Woolner . . . ' 92 



20. Foetus of an Orang 93 



21. Vestigial Characters OF Human Ears 94 



22. Hair Tracts on the Arms and Hantis of Man, as Compared 



with Those of the Chimpanzee 96 



23. Molar Teeth of Lower Jaw in Gorilla, Or.\ng, and Man. . 98 



24. Perforations of the Humerus in Three Species of Quad- 



rumana 99 



25. First Stages in the Embryonic Development of the Pond 



Snail, Lymnaeus 115 



xvii 



