Contents xi 



11. The Absorption of Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic Energy 204 



1. Role of Nonionizing Radiation, 204 ; 2. Electrical Imped- 

 ances, 205 ; 3. Biological Impedance, 208 ; 4. Ultrasonics, 

 213; 5. Nondestructive Effects of Ultrasound, 214; 6. Dia- 

 thermy, 217; 7. Summary, 2 1 8 



12. Destructive Effects of High Intensity Ultrasound 220 



/. High Intensity Ultrasound, 220 ; 2. Cavitation, 222 ; 3. 

 Biological Cells and Cavitation, 224 ; 4. Cellular Fragilities and 

 Resonances, 226 ; 5. Neurosurgery with Ultrasound, 230 



13. Mechanical Resonances of Biological Cells 233 



/. Experimental Basis, 233; 2. Inter facial-Tension Model, 236; 

 3. Gelatinous-Shell Model, 240; 4. More Exact Treatments, 

 242; 5. Summary, 244 



14. Structure of Viruses 246 



/. Introduction, 246; 2. Phage Studies Using Bacteriological 

 Methods, 248 ; 3. Virus Studies Using Physical Methods, 25 1 ; 

 4. Physical Biochemistry of Viruses, 254; 5. Phage Genetics, 

 256; 6. Summary, 260 



D. Molecular Biology 



15. X-ray Analyses of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 267 



/. Protoplasm, 267 ; 2. Proteins, 271 ; 3. Nucleic Acids, 277 ; 

 4. X-ray Diffraction, 280; 5. Protein Structure, 286; 6. Nu- 

 cleic Acid Structure, 292 ; 7. Summary, 296 



16. Molecular Action of Ionizing Radiations 299 



/. Introduction, 299; 2. Polymers, Proteins, and DNA, 300; 

 3. Radiation Damage to Synthetic High Polymers, 302 ; 4. Target 

 Theory, 305 ; 5. Inactivation of Dried Protein Films, 307 ; 6. 

 Indirect Effects on Proteins and Nucleic Acids, 311; 7. Summary, 



313 



17. Enzyme Kinetics of Hydrolytic Reactions 315 



/. Introduction, 31 5; 2. Enzymes, 318; 3. Michaelis-Menten 

 Kinetics of Hydrolases, 320; 4. Action of Inhibitors, 327 



