XII 



Contents 



18. Enzymes: Kinetics of Oxidations 332 



/. Catalase, 332; 2. Peroxidase, 341 ; 3. Biological Oxidations, 

 344 ; 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation, 346 ; 5. Summary of En- 

 zyme Kinetics, 349 



19. Molecular Basis of Vision 351 



/. Color Vision and Photopigments, 351; 2. Rhodopsin, 352; 

 3. Other Photopigments, 357; 4. The Origin of the Neural Spike, 



358 



20. Photosynthesis 360 



1. Introduction, 360; 2. A Little Plant Histology, 361; 3. 

 Basic Chemistry of Photosynthesis, 364 ; 4. The Path of Carbon 

 in Photosynthesis, 368; 5. The Photosynthetic Pigments, 370; 

 6. The Light Reaction, 373; 7. Summary, ?>11 



E. Thermodynamics and Transport Systems 



21. Thermodynamics and Biology 385 



1. The Role of Thermodynamics in Biology, 385 ; 2. The Laws 

 of Thermodynamics, 386 ; 3. Other Thermodynamic Functions, 

 390 ; 4. Equilibrium Constants, 392 \ 5. Reactions of Catalase, 



396 



22. Thermodynamics of Enzyme Reactions 401 



1. Collision Theory of Reactions, 401 ; 2. Collision Theory Ap- 

 plied to Enzyme Reactions, 406 ; 3. Absolute Rate Theory, 408 ; 

 4. Denaturation Studies, 412; 5. Diffusion Studies ,415; 6. 

 Summary, 417 



23. Diffusion, Permeability and Active Transport 419 



1. Introduction, 419; 2. Diffusion Equations, 42 1 ; 3. The 

 Diffusion of Oxygen into Cells, 426 ; 4. Permeability of Red 

 Blood Cells, 429 ; 5. Active Transport, 432 ; 6. Summary, 



435 



24. The Molecular Basis of Nerve Conduction 437 



1. Donnan Membrane Potentials, 437 ; 2. Quasi-Static Analogs, 

 440 ; 3. Biochemical Extractions, 443 ; 4. Clamped Nerve Ex- 

 periments, 446; 5. Summary, 457 



