8 :'6/ Muscles 155 



Thus, the basic physical parameters of the gross phenomena associated 

 with muscular contraction are well known, and many of the chemical 

 mechanisms are similar to those in other tissues. In contrast, the 

 molecular description of muscular contraction is an active research area. 

 The ideas involved demand a knowledge of active transport (see 

 Chapter 19) to understand the membrane action, enzyme kinetics (see 

 Chapters 17 and 18) to describe the synthesis and use of ATP, and 

 protein structure (see Chapter 15) to describe the filaments and their 

 behavior during contraction. 



REFERENCES 



There are many books which deal only with the contraction of striated 

 muscles. Most physiology, biochemistry, and anatomy texts have at least a 

 chapter on this subject. The following list is neither complete nor exhaustive 

 but contains a limited number of references which the author feels to be 

 especially useful to readers wishing to pursue this subject more thoroughly. 



1. Best, C. H., and N. B. Taylor, The Physiological Basis of Medical Practice 

 7th ed. (Baltimore, Maryland: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1961). 



2. Heilbrunn, L. V., An Outline of General Physiology (Philadelphia: W. B. 

 Saunders Company, 1952). 



3. Szent-Gyorgi, Albert, Chemistry of Muscular Contraction 2nd ed. (New York: 

 Academic Press, Inc., 1951). 



4. Butler, J. A. V,, and J. T. Randall, eds., Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical 

 Chemistry (London, England: Pergamon Press, Ltd., 1954) Vol. 4. 



a. Wilkie, D. R., "Facts and Theories About Muscle," pp. 288-324. 



b. Weber, H. H., and Hildegard Portzehl, "The Transference of the 

 Muscle Energy in the Contraction Cycle," pp. 60-111. 



5. Ramsey, R. W., "Muscle: Physics," Medical Physics, Otto Glasser, ed. 

 (Chicago, Illinois: Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1944) Vol. 1, pp. 784-798. 



6. Morales, M. F., Jean Botts, J. J. Blum, and T. L. Hill, "Elementary 

 Processes in Muscle Action: An Examination of Current Concepts," 

 Physiol. Rev. 35: 475-505 (July 1955). 



7. Gaebler, O. H., ed., Enzymes: Units of Biological Structure and Function 

 (New York: Academic Press, 1956). 



a. Mommaerts, W. F. H. M., "The Actomyosin System and Its 

 Participation in Organized Enzyme Reactions," pp. 317-324. 



b. Morales, M. F., "Is Energy Transferred From ATP to Myosin at 

 the Moment That ATP Is Split?" pp. 325-336. 



8. Huxley, H. E., "The Contraction of Muscle," Scientific Am. 199: 66-82 

 (Nov. 1958). 



9. Huxley, A. F., "Muscle Structure and Theories of Contraction," Progress 

 in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, J. A. V. Butler and B. Katz, eds. 

 (New York: Pergamon Press, 1957) Vol. 7, pp. 255-318. 



