toxicity of a pollutant. Time limitations have necessitated a cursory 

 treatment of both the published literature and the new research reported 

 here. More complete information on this and other ammonia toxicity research 

 being conducted both at Fisheries Bioassay Laboratory and at the Sunoga 

 Laboratory here in Borok is now in preparation for journal publication in 

 the Soviet Union and in the United States. The information I have presented 

 illustrates some of the complexities involved in establishing water quality 

 criteria and setting standards. It also underscores the necessity for con- 

 tinued collaborative effort between fish physiologists and water chemists, 

 from laboratories such as ours and Sunoga, in conducting and interpreting 

 the results of aquatic toxicity tests. 



REFERENCES 



Allan, R.H. 1955. Effects of pollution on fisheries. Verh. Int. Ver. 

 Limnol. 12: 804-810. 



Armstrong, D.A., D. Chippendale, A.W. Knight and J.E. Colt. 1978. Inter- 

 action of ionized and un-ionized ammonia on short term survival and 

 growth of prawn larvae, Macrobrachium rosenbergii . Biol. Bull. 154: 

 15-31. 



Ball, I.R. 1967. The relative susceptibilities of some species of fresh- 

 water fish to poisons - I. Ammonia. Water Res. 1: 767-775. 



Burkhalter, D.E. and CM. Kaya. 1977. Effects of prolonged exposure to 

 ammonia on fertilized eggs and sac fry of rainbow trout ( Salmo gaird - 

 neri ). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106(5): 470-475. 



Chipman, W.A., Jr. 1934. The role of pH in determining the toxicity of am- 

 monium compounds. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO. 

 153 p. 



Colt, J. and G. Tchobanoglous. 1976. Evaluation of the short-term toxicity 

 of nitrogenous compounds to channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus . 

 Aquaculture 8: 209-224. 



Danecker, E. 1964. Die Jauchevergiftung von Fischen -- eine Ammoniak- 

 vergiftung. (The jauche poisoning of fish — an ammonia poisoning). 

 Osterreichs Fischerei. 3/4: 55-68. (In English translation). 



Downing, K.M. and J.C. Merkens. 1955. The influence of dissolved oxygen 

 concentration on the toxicity of un-ionized ammonia to rainbow trout 

 ( Salmo gairdnerii Richardson). Ann. Appl . Biol. 43: 243-246. 



European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission. 1970. Water quality cri- 

 teria for European freshwater fish. Report on ammonia and inland 

 fisheries. EIFAC Tech. Paper No. 11: 12 p. (Also in Water Res. 7: 

 1011-1022 (1973)). 



134 



