462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY. 



made for the purpose, the rate is, as given in the table, 512 vibrations. 

 Notches have been cut in certain places, appareutly to give the "local 

 pitch" used by the choir. When adjusted by these (see No. 34), the rate 

 is 518, practically French pitch. The frequency of vibration of such a 

 pipe is of course greatly influenced by the temperature. This pitch pipe 

 was used in a church in "West Townsend, Mass., early in the present 

 century, and its pitch was adjusted to that in use in Boston. 



No. 10 is a Koenig fork already referred to, made for the Massachu- 

 setts Institute of Technology in 1873, and used as the basis of measure- 

 ments by Cross and Miller in 1880. Like all of Koenig's forks, prior to 

 the establishment of his new standard in 1880, it is a little sharp. Nos. 

 11, 14, 95, 110 are forks made by Mr. E. Greaves. No. 13, the stan- 

 dard Cg of E. S. Ritchie and Sons, was procured from Duboscq of Paris 

 at a date prior to 1870. Jt has the inclined prongs of the Marloye forks. 

 Nos. 19, 31, 87, are large forks made for the University of Virginia by 

 E. S. Ritchie and Sons more than twenty-five years since. No. 24 is a 

 pitch pipe deposited in the library of Yale University by the class of 

 1826, and kindly rated by Professor A. W. Wright. No. 102 is the 

 same pipe when set to give A3. When properly blown it gives, substan- 

 tially, French pitch. No. 26 is a fork used by Miller and Sons as their 

 standard for piano pitch in 1884. No. 29 is one of a pair of large forks 

 on resonating boxes made in 1883, for the purpose of tuning the Chicker- 

 ing piano when used in the Boston Symphony Concerts, the orchestra 

 having adopted the French pitch. It was tuned from No. 27. The firm 

 desired to tune the piano from C rather than from A. No. 32 is a large 

 tempered C fork, adopted in 1884 by the Chickerings for tuning pianos 

 to be used with orchestras employing the French pitch. No. 35 is the 

 standard French Pitch of the Mason and flamlin Co. The fork No. 69 

 is lowered in pitch by attaching to each prong by wax a small rectangular 

 piece of steel. No. 36 is a fork of G. S. Hutcliings and Co., used in tun- 

 ing the organs made by them. No. 37 is a flue pipe belonging to the 

 Hook and Hastings Organ Co., and giving the pitch proposed by Theodore 

 Thomas in 1883. Nos. 38, 39, 40 give ratings under difl^erent conditions 

 of a large standard fork made by Ritchie and Sons for the New England 

 Conservatory of Music in 1882. No. 48 is the same as measured in 1883. 

 The fork has flattened by a considerable amount since its manufacture, 

 from unknown causes. It has apparently been kept with care. The box 

 has a considerable influence upon the j^itch of the fork. No. 42 is a fork 

 belonging to Mr. Levi K. Fuller, giving the pitch which was used in 

 opera in 1882 by Patti. It is a little sharp of French pitch, though 



