120 ZOOPHYTES. 



species and unattached coralligenous species ; and the latter, " Plant Zoophytes" the 

 attached coralligenous species.' 



The order Zoocorallia includes the following subdivisions : 



Tribe I. Zoocorallia Polyactinia. Comprises his families Acfinina, Zoanthina, 

 and Fungina, corresponding respectively to the families Actinidoe, Zoanthidoe, and the 

 free Fungidae, along with the genus Turbinalia of the Caryophyllia tribe. 



Tribe II. Zoocorallia Octactinia, or species with 8 rays to the polyps. Com- 

 prises his families Xenina, Tubiporina, Halcyonina, and Pennatulina, or all the Alcyo- 

 naria but the Gorgonida", which fall into his second order. 



Tribe III. Zoocorallia Oligacti.ma, corresponding to Hydroidea, and including 

 his families Hydrina, Tubulariua, and Sertularina. 



The order Phytocorallia, is subdivided as follows : 



Tribe IV. Phytocorallia Polyactinia. Includes the families Ocellina, and De- 

 dalina ; the former corresponding to the Caryoph3'llidre and Cyathophyliida;', except that 

 the TurbinalisE are excluded by Ehrcnberg, and some Astrosas are introduced under the 

 genus Explanaria ; and the latter corresponding nearly to the Astrseidce and Fungidce, 

 except that the free Fungidae are separated. 



Tribe V. Phytocorallia Dodecactinia. Comprises the families Madreporina and 

 Milleporina, the first including the Poritidoo and part of the Madreporidaj, and the second, 

 the remainder of the Madreporidte of the system adopted. 



Tribe VI. Phytocorallia Octactinia, including the families Isidea and Gorgonina, 

 corresponding to the Gorgonidx. 



Tribe VII. Phytocorallia Oligactijjia, including the single genus Allopora. 



This system removes the free Fungidae far from the attached species, and the same 

 principle carried out should place in different families the free and attached Cyathophylla, 

 Euphylliai, and others. The natural group Alcyonaria is divided, and the parts are 

 widely separated. Notwithstanding these singularities arising from the undue importance 

 allowed to the characters of his Orders, the system exhibits throughout the comprehensive 

 acumen of its distinguished author, and was the first that rested its distinctions solely on 

 the structure of the animals, or the living zoophytes. 



Milne Edwards. — In the philosophical system of Milne Edwards, the Bryozoa con- 

 stitute the order Polypes tunicietis ; and other Zoophytes (our Zoophyta), his Polypes 

 parcndnpnatis. This second order he subdivides as follows : 



1. " Scrtulariens.'''' Corresponding to the Hydroidea. 



2. " Zoanthairesr Corresponding to the Actinaria. 



3. " AlcyoniensP Corresponding to the Alcyonaria. 



The Alcyonia group, which is bound together by important cliaracters, is thus kept 

 united ; and the other groups are equally well defined in their limits and characteristics. 

 The " Zoanthaires" and " Alcyoniens," constitute together our Actinoidca, a group which 

 is equivalent, as a whole, rather than its parts, to the " Sertularicns" (Hydroidea). 



' These orders are characterized hy Elireiibcrg as follows (op. cit., pp. 25.5, and 299) : 

 ZoocoKALLiA. Corporc aut omnino molll, aut Cephalopodum more intus lapidcm generante (seccrnentc 

 nee excernente) liinc sajpe omnino libera ct, jirajter formam, animalium charactercs omncs perfectius 

 servantia. PnYToeonALLiA, Corporc aut lapideam aut corneam materiam agglutinantem sccernente ac 

 dorso (solea) cxeeruentc ejusque ope semper adnato (Oslrcarum more). 



