Table 6. Types and quantities of materials transported annually offshore to 

 an exploration rig (New England River Basins Commission 1976b). 



Materials 



Type Quantity 



Fuel 10,000-15,000 bbl 



Drilling mud 2,000-5,000 tons 



Cement 1,000-3,000 tons 



Fresh water 5,000,000-7,500,000 gal 

 Tubular goods 2,000-3,000 tons 



Pipeline construction and operations require a number of onshore support 

 facilities including pipe coating yards, service bases, testing and inspection 

 services, diving companies, and survey teams. Pumping stations are sometimes 

 required, and, depending on the final destination of the oil or gas, a 

 refinery, processing plant, marine terminal, or storage facilities may be 

 necessary. Siting considerations and requirements of facilities directly 

 associated with pipelines are listed in Table 7. Impact considerations 

 are given for onshore support facilities for OCS oil and gas development 

 (Table 8). 



Marine Terminal Facilities 



Marine terminals in Florida will most likely receive crude oil from off- 

 shore pipelines during a major portion of the production phase. During the 

 earlier stages of production, small tankers (15,000 to 25,000 deadweight tons) 

 may be used. Until quantities of gas are found to be large enough for produc- 

 tion, gas is either flared or reinjected into the well. 



Terminal facilities vary depending on their particular needs and the 

 availability of waterfront. Berthing facilities may include offshore moor- 

 ings, fixed island piers, fixed shoreside piers, floating T-piers or other 

 methods. Site considerations and impacts associated with onshore development 

 are given in Tables 9-10. 



Processing Facilities 



Crude oil produced at the wellhead requires processing to separate oil, 

 natural gas, brine, water, and suspended and dissolved solids. The processing 

 takes place at the well site, onshore, or both. The nature and location of 

 facilities that will be used to separate the ingredients from the well stream 

 depend on the characteristics of the ingredients and transportation. 



The first step is to remove impurities and separate gas and, in some 

 cases, water from the wellstream. Gas found in a free state with little or no 

 oil present is termed non-associated gas. Non-associated gas may be rein- 

 jected or piped inland for sale. Associated gas (which is found in solution 



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