Class II and III well permits are issued by the Department of Natural Re- 

 sources, Bureau of Geology. The other classes of permits are issued through 

 the DER, the most important of which are the industrial and municipal class 

 wells (Florida State Department of Environmental Regulation 1981). 



Of the five largest industries in Florida discharging their wastes 

 through deep-well injection, two (Monsanto and American Cyanamide industries) 

 are in Northwest Florida. Both use deep-well injection for disposal of acidic 

 chemical wastes from the synthetic fiber plants. Monsanto discharges 3 Mgal/d, 

 whereas American Cyanamide discharges 0.7 Mgal/d into deep-well confined 

 areas. Monsanto, the largest industry in Northwest Florida (it employs 5,000 

 people), has been injecting through deep-wells since 1963, whereas American 

 Cyanamide has been using injections since 1975 (Department of Environmental 

 Regulation, Bureau of Groundwater Analysis, 1981: personal communication). 



In Northwest Florida there are six Class I, 53 Class II, no Class III, 

 and 66 Class V injection wells. Escambia has one air conditioning well and 

 one cooling injection well, and Bay County has 5 air conditioning injection 

 wells. Santa Rosa, by contrast, has 47 Class II wells. 



The State is using every technically feasible precaution to protect the 

 quality and quantity of groundwater. No reported groundwater contamination 

 violations have yet been noted from deep-well injection facilities (Conversa- 

 tion with Dr. Rodney DeHan, Department of Environmental Regulation, Section 

 Administrator, Groundwater Section, Tallahasee, FL, July 1981). 



Water Quantity 



Vast quantities of water from groundwater and surface water sources are 

 used for industrial, municipal, and agricultural purposes every year. For 

 self-supplied industries, Escambia County produces 47.3 Mgal/d, Okaloosa pro- 

 duces 5.4 Mgal/d, and Santa Rosa produces 19 Mgal/d. Escambia County also 

 produces 115 Mgal/d of saline groundwater for industrial use. Groundwater 

 there is largely used in processing pulp paper and chemical products. In 

 Santa Rosa County, chemical products industry is the major water user. 

 Although groundwater supplies in certain areas such as Fort Walton Beach are 

 seriously depleted. Northwest Florida generally is water rich in quantity and 

 qual ity. 



Hazardous and Solid Waste 



The disposal of hazardous and solid wastes is a problem in Northwest 

 Florida. Highly porous sandy soils and subsurface contamination have caused 

 serious problems for the disposal and treatment of hazardous wastes. Steps 

 must be taken to neutralize wastes prior to their discharge (Roy 1979). Var- 

 ious hazardous wastes have had wide reaching effects. 



The potential loss of commercial fishes from oil spills along the St. 

 Marks River and port facility has been estimated to be about $328,000 annually 

 (Bell et al . 1982). In another analysis of surface and groundwater contamina- 

 tion near hazardous waste sites. Lynch (1981) estimated that a hazardous waste 

 facility discharging heavy metals and sulfuric acid from a battery reclamation 

 facility caused over $6 million in damage to the environment. Losses included 

 costs for restoration, and extensive damage to the freshwater fisheries in Dry 



263 



