Dec, 1918] Are the Ten Thousand Smokes Real Volcanoes? 105 



The composition of the "smoke" from the vents is another 

 matter of importance in this connection. If the smokes were 

 due to the vaporization of surface water, which had come in 

 contact with hot lava, they should be relatively pure steam. 

 But as a matter of fact these vapors contain a large admixture of 

 acid gases and deposit a great variety of sublimation products, 

 such as sulphur and the two sulphides of arsenic. These 



Photograph by J. D. Sayre 



THE VALLEY OF TEN THOUSAND SMOKES. 

 Taken from almost the same spot as the picture opposite a year later, July 18, 

 1918. If anything the activity is greater than the year before. . The little 

 fumaroles found emerging from sandstone strata occurred in rocky slopes 

 similar to. but around the corner from, those shown as dark spots on the 

 mountain side in the middle distance. 



products, both gaseous and solid, are now in process of analysis 

 by the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution. 

 These analyses, when complete, are expected to be made the 

 subject of a special contribution, and no more than mention 

 of the matter can be made at this time. 



TEMPERATURES ABOVE 400° C. 



The temperatures of the vapors are, Hkewise, matters of 

 significance in this connection. If the smokes were due merely 

 to waters coming in contact with the surface of hot lava, their 



