March, 1919] Temperatures of Ten Thousand Smokes 



263 



bottom from which the gases were given forth with considerable force, 

 emitting a hissing sound. Wood would char and matches ignite when 

 left in the vent. No deposits incrusted the throat, and the gases 

 appeared entirely free from water vapor, although there was a melting 

 snowdrift within 50 3^ards of the vent. Because of this absence of 

 steam, Fumarole No. 2 would be passed unnoticed at a distance of 100 

 yards. On July 14th, at the surface of the ground there was no definite 

 temperature, it fluctuated with the wind, etc, but four feet down the 

 temperature was 182° C, six feet down, 205° C. On July 20th, four 

 feet down, the pvrometer registered 182° C. Photographs 4133, 

 4544, 4545. 



Photograph by Jasper D. Say re 



THE THROAT OF FUMAROLE 3. 

 This was the hole from which we obtained the temperature. There were several 

 small and insignificant steaming cracks which registered only 100° C, not 

 shown in this picture, and the mud was steaming in many places. T. 186° C. 



No. 3. T. 186° C. 86, S 7 W. Baked Mountain, N 27 E. Mt. 

 Cerberus, N 66 E. 

 This was a conspicuous steamer, with very bright red deposits, visible 

 from any place in the upper end of the Valley. It was high up, near 

 the high mud mark south of vStation XI, about one mile north of 

 Mageik Glacier. The surroundings were much shattered and the vent 

 very actively steaming. The opening leads eastward and was about 

 two feet across, evidently being the mouth of a long narrow fissure. We 

 attempted to tap this underground fissure about ten feet from the 

 mouth, but although the incrusted mud was only three or four feet in 

 thickness, yet the spade would not penetrate it, as the heat had baked 

 it as hard as rock. The opening was irregular. By placing the thermo- 

 couple from the pyrometer down in the fissure as far as we could without 

 getting the cold junction in contact with steam, only 146° C. was 

 recorded. At the surface, however, it was 186° C. Photographs 

 4521, 4522, 3697, 3698 (See cut above), 3699, 3700 (See page 262). 



