270 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XIX, No. 5, 



cleared from its rim. This rim was nearly 100 feet across and elevated 

 20 feet above the Valley floor. The funnel was 50 feet to its narrow 

 throat. The gases tested were being emitted from lateral cracks in the 

 rim, which were only a couple of inches wide. Photographs 2316A 

 (See page 259), 3729, 3730, 4542. 



No. 22. T. 343° C. XI, S 54 W. Mt. Cerberus, S 25 E. Baked 

 Mountain, N 26 E. 



This was a conspicuous steamer near the high mud mark on the 

 west side of Baked Mountain, north of the "Twins," (No. 46 and No. 

 47) . The hole was about eight feet in diameter, and the opening within 

 so wide that one could see plainly through the transparent super- 

 heated vapors for 50 feet or more into the cavern, which extended 

 diagonally toward the head of the Valley. 



Although a few wisps of steam begin to condense around the mouth, 

 the main column did not condense until it had reached a distance of 

 20 feet from the hole. On account of its size we were not able to work 

 satisfactorily with this fumarole, but had to be content with hanging 

 the thennocouple over the windward side of the hole, where we found a 

 temperature of 343° C. Photograph 4543 (See page 273). 



No. 23. T. 352° C. Mt. Cerberus, S 53 E. Baked Mountain, S 88 E. 

 XI, N24.W. 

 This steamer was located on the side of Buttress Mountain, near the 

 bend in the range. It was an irregular opening with cracks radiating in 

 every direction. We attempted to find the hottest place by sticking 

 the thennocouple down about three feet in these different vents. We 

 recorded temperatures in this manner of 196° C, 220° C, 245° C, and 

 finally in one crack 294° C. This gradual rise in temperature excited 

 our curiosity and we tried to find even higher ones. We finally recorded 

 352° C. as the highest temperature. This was found by holding the 

 thermocouple suspended in the mouth of the fumarole. We repeated 

 oiu- observation and found that as soon as we moved the thermocouple 

 from this certain spot it cooled off. Any other place down in the hole 

 showed a much lower temperature. Three feet down, directly beneath 

 the hot spot, the temperature was only 245° C. We repeated this work 

 because we had expected to find higher temperatures down farther in 

 the fumaroles. The deposits were heavy, bright red, orange and yellow. 



No. 24. T. 230° C. IX, N 68 E. Ill, N. 38 E. Needle Peak, 

 . N 59 W. ' 

 This fumarole had two openings, about eight inches in diameter 

 and two feet apart. Both were 230° C. It was located in the canyon 

 cut into the mud flow by ''Chocolate Harry," the stream from under 

 Knife Peak, near its junction with the River Lethe and Buttress Creek. 

 The vapors were largely invisible gases rather than steam. In fact, we 

 located it more by the noise it made than by its steam. The throats 

 were baked hard, but the surrounding ash was soft, without conspicuous 

 deposits. Photographs 4138, 4139. 



