430 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XIX, No. 8, 



A stone was tied to the end of the hose to prevent sagging. 

 This stone was also so arranged that if water were to be pumped 

 from the bottom, the stone was between the end of the hose 

 and the bottom. In this way there was less likelihood of 

 drawing up sediment. 



In presenting the results of the survey I shall first of all 

 take up the ponds separately and in the order of their age 

 beginning with the youngest. This will then be followed by a 

 more general comparison and discussion of the results. 



I wish to thank Prof. Foulk for the use of apparatus and 

 Prof. Barrows of Ohio State University for the identification of spiders 

 I also desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to a number of 

 students who have been of assistance to me. I am particularly 

 grateful to my wife for her constant aid. 



ONE YEAR POND. 



Pond I. 



All of this pond was not, strictly speaking, only a year old 

 since one corner of it covered a small pool in which water had 

 collected while the quarry was still in operation. The greater 

 part of it, however, was formed within a year of the time 

 when it was examined. Taken as a whole it thus represents 

 an extremely youthful stage in pond development. What might 

 be termed the ancestral pool did not present a continuous 

 habitat for aquatic forms since it was frequently emptied and 

 was constantly kept under control by means of a steam pump. 



Up to the autumn of 1916 the quarry was in active operation. 

 It was then abandoned and by the summer of 1917 a pond 500 

 feet long and 150 feet wide had developed. Over most of 

 it the water was from eighteen inches to three feet deep; 

 over a restricted area it was as much as eight feet deep. The 

 entire shore was of bare rock. On the east, west and north 

 this rose up perpendicularly for 25 feet ; along the south it rose 

 10 to 15 feet above the level of the water. The pond was sur- 

 rounded on three sides by cultivated fields and on the fourth 

 it was bordered by a gravel strip which intervened between it 

 and an adjoining quarry. The photograph on page 431 gives 

 an accurate idea of the pond and its surroundings. 



