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The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XVIII, No. 1, 



THE BUFF STONE. 



The largest number of concretionary forms are found in 

 the Buff Stone — the lower fifteen (15) feet containing "cup and 

 cone" concretions, and the upper twenty-five (25) feet having 

 the concretionary "masses, pebbles, waffles, and whorls." 



The " Cnp and Cone'' Concretions. — In the lower ledges of 

 the Buff Stone, especially in two or three strata, these forms 

 are found plentifully and continue so horizontally throughout 

 their zone. 



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Fig. 2. "Cup and Cone" Concretion in Position in Buff Stone Ledge. 



As a standard form, the "cup and cone concretion" consists 

 of a cap, a cone, a cavity and its filling. From this we find 

 every possible variation by the irregular combination of these 

 parts. Additionally we have the "double" variety, two cones 

 with one common cavity. The accompanying drawings show 

 a perfect form and the variations. In length they are one to 

 ten inches and one to five inches in diameter at the largest part. 

 Usually stems or cones are round in cross section, although 

 frequently found oval. 



The filling of the cavity presents an interesting study 

 and may be — the cavity partly or tightly filled with small 

 lenticular pieces of the same rock material appearing as crushed 

 and pressed into it — partly or completely filled with "rock tar, " 



