April, U)18] Parasites of Leaf-IIoppers 179 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 



The writer is greatly indebted to Professor Herbert Osborn, 

 at whose suggestion the work was started, for his continued aid 

 throughout the entire study. He also wishes to thank Mr. 

 D. M. DeLong for the collection and identification of para- 

 sitized CicadellidcB from Tennessee, Mr. F. H. Lathrop for 

 the collection of material from Oregon, and Mr. S. H. Rohwer, 

 of the U. S. National Museum, for the use of type material in 

 the identification of species. 



HISTORICAL. 



Latreille (1805) described Lestodryinus {Dryinus) Jormicarius 

 which is the earliest record of description of a representative 

 of this group. Jurine (1807) described a species which now 

 forms the type of the genus Anteon. Ljungh (1810) described 

 Gonatopus formicarius as the first apterous form and Dalman 

 (1818) described Aphelopiis melaleuciis. Each of these species 

 are typical of the four tribes into which the Anteonince are now 

 divided. 



The first host record was by Curtis in 1836, when he reported 

 Aph'rodes craticula to be parasitized in different stages by these 

 parasites. Edward Perris in 1857 thought that Platygonatopus 

 {Gonatopus) pedestris (Dalm.) was a hyperparasite of Eiiscelis 

 Athysaniis maritimiis, believing that the larval sac was the 

 primary parasite and distinct from the dryinid. G. von 

 Frauenfeld (1865) mentioned Platygonatopus {Gonatopus) 

 pedestris (Dalm.) in connection with (Typhlocyba). Since 

 Erythroneura {Typhlocyba) is parasitized only by the genus 

 Aphelopus in this family, it is probable that the host record is 

 incorrect. 



Lichtenstein (1874) reported rearing a species, Gonatopus 

 ptinorum from the heetle Ptinus fur hnt Kieffer (1914) considers 

 this species as Cephalonomia xambeni Giard of the sub-family 

 BethylincB. From 15 to 20 larvae were found in the cocoon of 

 Ptinus, each spinning up an individual cocoon after issuing from 

 the host (Kieffer '14). Dale (1878) mistook a probable dryinid 

 larva for an Acarid and named it Homopterophagus dorsettensis. 

 It was reared from a black, "mustard seed-like structure, 

 noticed on the sides of diverse Ilomoptera, near the insertion 

 place of the wings." According to Kirkaldy this was the larva 

 of Gonatopus. 



