208 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XVIII, No. 6, 



fleshy lobes from which project the short one-jointed maxillary 

 palpi. The latter bear at their ends two minute papillae, each 

 with a spine at the tip. The labium is large and very prominent. 

 From the side it is seen as a fleshy elongated process with a 

 distinct apical half cut off from a broader basal piece. The basal 

 piece or sub-mentum of the labium extends nearly back to the 

 posterior margin of the head. To it is attached the mentum 

 which extends just beyond the tips of the mandibles and bears 

 at its tip a semi-circular transparent organ. A narrow tri- 

 angular piece is attached about half way back on the ventral 

 side of the mentum and projects to the tip of the labium. 

 It is the spinneret and at either side of this the small one-jointed 

 labial palpi are attached. 



The pair of thoracic spiracles are nearly concealed under 

 a fold in the integument and the others are very small and 

 usually not visible. All the abdominal segments except the 

 last two bear a pair of spiracles, there being ten pairs in all. 



Prepupa. — After spinning the cocoon the larva soon becomes 

 quiescent and shrinks down into the lower half of it. Within 

 a few days it becomes straight, rigid, extending the length of 

 the cocoon, and constricted near the middle. After assuming 

 this position it soon pupates. 



Pupa. — The pupa (Figs. 19 and 20) is white, all the parts of 

 the adult insect being plainly distinguished. If the adult is 

 winged the wing pads are large and extend the length of the 

 thorax to the first abdominal segment. Seven abdominal 

 segments are visible. Pigmentation begins in the compound 

 eyes and gradually spreads over the entire body the pupa 

 becoming black before the adult issues. 



Larval Sac. — As previously stated the laryal sac is merely 

 the cast skins of the larva itself modified for protective purposes 

 by being more or less chitinized, and firmly attached to each 

 other and to the host. The means of anchoring the sac to the 

 host varies in different genera. In Aphelopiis this attachment 

 consists of a sort of chitinous ring and two hooks, (Figs. 21 and 

 22). One of the latter is smaller, sharply pointed, and strongly 

 chitinized, the other is larger, blunt and but thinly chitinized. 

 The chitinous ring serves to keep the cuticula of the host open, 

 thus affording a place for the head and mandibles of the 

 parasite. 



