210 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XVIII, No. 6, 



The sac itself is of various shapes, sizes and colors. Those 

 of AphelopHS (Figs. 23, 24 and 25) are elongate oval, and 

 those of Chelogynus are rounded and much compressed. Between 

 these two types there are all sorts of gradations. Black is the 

 predominating color and there are variations from it to brown 

 and yellow. Many are green or blue-green, and others are 

 banded transversely with alternate stripes of light and dark 

 brown. In the latter case the colors are arranged segmentally. 

 When the skin that is to form part of the sac is molted it is 

 light colored and not pigmented and modified. As it becomes 

 exposed to the air it assumes the black or fuscous color of the 

 sac. In Phorbas the exuvium is pale yellow when first molted, 

 but soon each spiracle is surrounded by a black spot. As 

 previously noted, these enlarge and become confluent, the 

 exuvium finally becoming jet black in color. Invariably the 

 first exuvium is smooth and shining, the second often crinkled 

 or sculptured on its outer margin, and the third is generally 

 very distinctly rugosely sculptured by raised zig-zag lines or is 

 punctate. The sac is located in diverse positions, according 

 to the genus of the parasite. In Echthrodelphax, Paradryintis, 

 Thaumatodryinus and Neodryinus it is found on the thorax 

 beneath the wing. In Phorbas (Fig. 26), from various places 

 on the abdomen. In most of the Anteon species (Fig. 30), on 

 the ventral side under the hind legs, in Paranteon on the 

 abdomen, ventral as well as dorsal, seldom on the sternum or 

 propleura, in Pseudogonatopus on the dorsal and lateral sides of 

 the abdomen, in P. stenocrani Perk., upright between both 

 wings (Perkins, 1905). In Gonatopus (Fig. 27) it is on the side 

 of the abdomen, in Haplogoyiatopus (Fig. 28), on the dorsal 

 posterior part of the abdomen, in Chelogynus, (Fig. 29), on the 

 side of the thorax, and in Aphelopiis on the sides of the abdomen 

 between the first few segments. It always projects between 

 two segments. Often the spiracles of the different exuviae 

 composing the sac can be seen if it is light colored. 



Cocoon. — The cocoon is either spun below the ground as is 

 the case with Aphelopus, Chelogynus, or Phorbas, or above on 

 some convenient object, as with Ha plo gonatopus, or some species 

 in Gonatopus. That of Aphelopus, (Fig. 31), is small, oval, 

 and white, of Chelogynus, (Fig. 33), larger, oval, plastered 

 over with sand grains or soil particles, and that of Bocchus, 

 (Fig. 32), tough, thick, brown and fibrous, with soil particles 



