April, 1918] The Ravens of North America 215 



shorter and higher bill, less lustrous plumage, and less developed 

 and more purplish-hued lanceolate feathers of the throat; 

 and from Corviis corax behringianus Dybowski by the long 

 third primary, which equals or is longer than the fifth, instead 

 of being decidedly shorter. As has already been intimated, 

 the characters which distinguish this from the other North 

 American forms are wholly of size and proportions. The 

 greatest differentiation occurs in Alaska, whence came the type 

 of Corvus corax principalis; hence we have here used only 

 Alaskan specimens in the comparison of racial characters. 

 Birds from Greenland and northern Ungava are somewhat 

 smaller than those from Alaska, but are most satisfactorily 

 referred to this form. Examples from the western coast of 

 British Columbia are also intermediate between the present 

 race and Corvus corax siniiatus; those from western Wash- 

 ington are still smaller, and, indeed, almost half-way between 

 Corvus corax principalis and Corvus corax clarionensis; but 

 birds from both these regions are better referred to the present 

 form than to either of the others. This applies, however, only 

 to the coast region, since the interior birds are decidedly nearer 

 the southern races, as elsewhere more fully explained. By 

 the segregation of the birds from the eastern United States 

 and by the extension of the range of Corvus corax sinuatus into 

 the middle portion of Canada, the range of Corvus corax prin- 

 cipalis becomes limited to the extreme northern parts of North 

 America, excepting, as above stated, on the Pacific Coast, 

 where it reaches southward in a relatively narrow coastal 

 strip as far as the State of Washington. 



Corvus corax europhilus, subsp. nov. 



Chars, subsp. — Similar to Corvus corax principalis, but 

 smaller, with a relatively larger bill. 



Description.— Ty^^e, adult male, No. 260039, U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., Biological Survey collection; Ardell, Alabama, April 4, 

 1915; L. J. Goldman; original number, 211. Entire plumage 

 glossy black, the secondaries and inner primaries somewhat 

 brownish, the head, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and breast 

 with a slightly bluish sheen, the throat and wings with purplish 

 reflections; bill and feet black. 



