218 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XVIII, No. 6, 



Measurements. — Male:^ wing, 417-435 (average, 427) mm.: 

 tail, 230-256 (242.7); exposed culmen, 64-76 (70.5); height of 

 bill at nostrils, 25.5-28.4 (26.6) ; tarsus, 64.5-74 (69.8) ; middle 

 toe without claw, 44-51 (46.7). 



Female:- wing, 399-422 (average, 411.5) mm.; tail, 227-244 

 (238.8) ; exposed culmen, 64.5-67.5 (66.3) ; height of bill at 

 nostrils, 24-25 (24.5) ; tarsus, 64-70 (66) ; middle toe without 

 claw, 38.5-43 (41.1). 



Type locality. — Ardell, Cullman County, north central 

 Alabama. 



Geographic distribution. — Eastern United States and south- 

 eastern Canada. Breeds north to Lance au Loup, southern 

 Labrador; central Quebec; and Lake Abitibi, central Ontario; 

 west to Marshall County, Minnesota; and Copeland, western 

 Arkansas; south to Copeland and Newport, northern Arkansas; 

 Nashville, central Tennessee; Ardell, north central Alabama; 

 Chattanooga, southeastern Tennessee; Young Harris and 

 Toccoa, northeastern Georgia; and Mount Pinnacle and Caesar's 

 Head, northwestern South Carolina; east to northwestern 

 South Carolina; Tryon and Grandfather Mountain, western 

 North Carolina; Cobbs Island, eastern Virginia; Tuckerton, 

 eastern New Jersey; Commack Hill, Long Island, New York;^ 

 South Manchester, central Connecticut;- Tyngsboro, eastern 

 Massachusetts;^ Bar Harbor, southeastern Maine; Grand 

 Manan Island, southwestern New Brunswick; Eastport, Nova 

 Scotia; and St. Johns, eastern Newfoundland. 



Remarks. — The status of the ravens inhabiting the eastern 

 United States has long been doubtful. The fairly good series 

 of specimens now available shows that the birds from this 

 region are apparently best treated as a separate subspecies. 

 They are, to be sure, to a certain extent intermediate between 

 Corviis corax principalis and Corvus corax sinuatus; and, 

 furthermore, from either of these two races are separated by 

 only average characters, but the same thing is true of all the 

 other races. In the measurement averages here given, only 

 specimens from Pennsylvania and New Jersey southward to 

 Alabama are included, and these together are considered 

 typical. Examples from New York, New England, central 



'Seven specimens, from Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Penn- 

 sylvania, and New Jersey. 



-Four specimens, from North Carolina, New Jerse3^ and Pennsylvania. 

 ^Not breeding. 



