THE PARASITES OF LEAF-HOPPERS. 

 With Special Reference to Anteoninae. 



F. A. Fenton. 



PART II. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Phylogeny 243 



Taxonomy 247 



Life Histories of Species 248 



Systemmatic 258 



PHYLOGENY. 



The relationship of the Anteonince to the Ilomoptera is shown 

 in the accompanying phylogenetic tree. It is seen that they 

 are parasitic on the Membracidce, Fulgoridce, and Cicadellidce — 

 three rather closely-related families. Up to the present time 

 there are no records of any dryinid being parasitic on a Cercopid. 

 If this holds true, it may be said that the spittle-forming habit 



FULQORIDAE CERCOPIDAE MEMBRACIDAE CICAPELLIDAE 



COCCIDAE APHIDIDAE 



of this group may protect the nymphal stages of these insects, 

 and that the adults are usually too large and active for the more 

 highly specialized AnteouincB. There is but one record of 

 dryinid parasitism among the Membrac-idce^that of a poly- 

 embryonic form Aphelopus thelice Gahan mss. parasitic on 

 Thelia bimaculata^ (Kornhauser, 19 15-19 16). 



In the Cicadellidce, as noted, three of the six sub-families are 

 at present known to be subject to parasitism by Anteonince, as 

 indicated in the above phylogenetic tree of the family. Fifteen 

 genera in the Jassince are attacked, which are chiefly grass- 



* According to Professor Kornhauser, the adult parasite was separately 

 identified by both Mr. Brues and Mr. Gahan as belonging to the Anteonince. 



243 



