Chapter 15 (.Continued) 



Wintering Species 15-10 



Migrants 15-10 



WATERFOWL ASSESSMENT 15-10 



Breeding Populations 15-14 



Migration and Staging Areas 15-28 



Waterfowl Habitat 15-31 



Region 1 15-31 



Region 2 15-32 



Region 3 15-32 



Region 4 15-32 



Region 5 15-33 



Region 6 15-33 



Ecological Interactions 15-34 



FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 15-35 



Natural Factors 15-35 



Human Factors 15-37 



POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES 15-38 



Forestry Practices 15-38 



Industrial or Urban Development 15-38 



Oil Pollution 15-38 



Tidal Power Development 15-38 



Island Development 15-38 



Non-consumptive Use 15-40 



MANAGEMENT 15-40 



DATA GAPS 15-42 



CASE STUDY: THE BLACK DUCK 15-43 



REFERENCES 15-47 



CHAPTER 16: TERRESTRIAL BIRDS 16-1 



DATA SOURCES 16-2 



SEASONAL OCCURRENCE 16-2 



HABITAT PREFERENCE 16-11 



Outer Islands and Headlands 16-11 



Shores of Lakes, Rivers, Ponds, and Streams 16-11 



Palustrine 16-11 



Open Fields and Wet Meadows 16-12 



Old Fields, Edges, and Successional Habitats 16-12 



Forests 16-12 



Coniferous forests 16-18 



Deciduous forests 16-18 



Mixed forests 16-19 



Rural and Developed Land 16-19 



ABUNDANCE OF TERRESTRIAL BIRDS 16-19 



Breeding Bird Survey 16-20 



Christmas Bird Counts 16-23 



ASPECTS OF MIGRATION 16-24 



REPRODUCTION 16-25 



Time of Nesting 16-25 



Nest Type and Location 16-25 



Nesting Cycle 16-27 



FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 16-27 



Human Related Factors Affecting Abundance 16-28 



vi 



