Chapter 18 (Continued) 



Impoundments 18-8 



Land, water, and forest disturbances 18-8 



IMPORTANCE TO HUMANITY 18-9 



MANAGEMENT 18-9 



RESEARCH NEEDS 18-9 



REFERENCES 18-10 



CHAPTER 19: COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT FOREST TYPES 19-1 



SPRUCE-FIR TYPE 19-4 



Habitat Conditions 19-4 



Reproduction and Early Growth 19-8 



Management Methods 19-8 



Management of uneven-aged stands 19-10 



Management of even-aged stands 19-11 



Natural Enemies 19-14 



MAPLE-BEECH-BIRCH TYPE 19-14 



Habitat Conditions 19-14 



Reproduction and Growth 19-15 



Management Methods 19-15 



Management of uneven-aged stands 19-15 



Management of even-aged stands 19-16 



Natural Enemies 19-17 



WHITE PINE-HEMLOCK -HARDWOOD TYPE 19-17 



Habitat Conditions 19-17 



Reproduction and Growth 19-18 



Management Practices 19-18 



FUELWOOD 19-22 



Species Used 19-22 



Silvicultural Methods 19-22 



CHRISTMAS TREE PRODUCTION 19-25 



RESEARCH NEEDS 19-25 



REFERENCES 19-27 



CHAPTER 20: ENDANGERED, THREATENED AND RARE PLANTS 20-1 



DATA SOURCES 20-10 



ENDANGERED AND THREATENED PLANTS 20-10 



The Estuary Monkey Flower 20-10 



Ram's-Head Lady 's-Slipper 20-11 



Auricled Twayblade 20-12 



Pale Green Orchis 20-12 



Ginseng 20-13 



Orono Sedge 20-13 



Long's Bitter Cress 20-13 



RARE PLANTS 20-15 



UNIQUE OR RESTRICTED PLANT COMMUNITIES 20-15 



Coastal Plateau Bogs and Shrub Slope Peatlands 20-17 



Outer Headlands and Outer Island Communities 20-17 



Freshwater Intertidal Emergent Wetlands 20-18 



Brackish Intertidal Emergent Wetlands 20-18 



Atlantic White Cedar Forested Wetlands 20-18 



FACTORS OF ABUNDANCE 20-19 



viii 



