XXIV 



SUMMARY. PHYSIOGNOMY OF PLANTS. 



History of the vegetable covering. Gradual extension of vegeta- 

 tion over the naked crust of rock. Lichens, mosses, oleaginous plants. 

 Cause of the present absence of vegetation in certain districts. — pp. 213 

 -220. 



Each zone has its peculiar character. All animal and vegetable con- 

 formation is bound to fixed and ever-recurring types. Physiognomy 

 of Nature. Analysis of the combined effect produced by a region. 

 The individual elements of this impression. Outline of the mountain 

 ranges; azure of the sky; shape of the clouds. That which chiefly 

 determines the character is the vegetable covering. Animal organiza- 

 tions are deficient in mass; the mobility of individual species, and 

 often their diminutiveness, conceals them from view — pp. 220-223. 



Enumeration of the forms of Plants -which principally determine the 

 physiognomy of Nature, and which increase or diminish from the 

 equator towards the Pole, in obedience to established laws — 



Text. Illustrations. 



Palms pp. 223-224 pp. 296-304 



Banana form . 



pp 



Malvaceae 



Mimosae . 



Ericeas 



Cactus form 



Form of Orchideae . 



Casuarinaa 



Acicular-leaved Trees 



Pothos form, and that of the Aroideas 



Lianes and Climbing plants 



Aloes 



Grass form 



Ferns 



Lilies 



"Willow form 



Myrtles . 



Melastomaceaa . 



Laurel form 



Enjoyment resulting from the nat 

 these plant-forms. Importance of the 

 to the landscape-painter— pp. 229-231 



Scientific Illustrations and Additions . . . pp. 232-352. 



Organisms, both animal and vegetable, in the highest Alpine regions, 

 near the line of eternal snow, in the Andes chain, and the Alps; insects 

 are carried up involuntarily by the ascending current of air. The small 

 field-mouse {Hypudceus nivalis) of the Swiss Alps. On the real height 

 to which the Chinchilla laniger mounts in Chili — pp. 232-233. 



Lecideaa, Parmeliae on rocks not entirely covered with snow; but 

 certain phanerogamic plants also stray in the Cordilleras beyond the 



224 p. 305 



224 pp. §05-307 



225 pp. 307-308 



225 pp. 308-310 



226 pp. 310-312 

 226 pp. 312-313 



226 pp. 313-314 



227 pp. 314-329 



227 pp. 329-331 

 -228 pp. 331-332 



228 pp. 332-334 



228 pp. 334-337 



229 pp. 337-341 

 229 pp. 341-343 

 229 p. 343 

 229 pp. 343-346 

 229 p. 346 

 229 p. 346 



ral grouping and contrasts of 

 physiognomical study of plants 



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