440 



INDEX. 



Cape Nun, situation of, 93. 



Cape Town, situation and temperature 

 of, 139. 



Capybara, of the Orinoco, 198. 



Caracas, alpine valleys of 1, 2, 4; the 

 vast steppes of, 6; littoral chain of, 

 22 ; a mountainous region, 23 ; sugar- 

 cane of, 26 ; Llanos of, 26, 94; plateau 

 of, its elevation, 58. 



Carguairazo, volcano of, falling in of the 

 summit from an eruption, and curious 

 phenomenon, 367. 



Caribbean Gulf, 1. 



Islands, disintegration of the, 23. 



Carichana, Indian mission of, 161. 

 Carolinias, 160. 



Carpathian Mountains, general features 

 of the, 40. 



Casas Grandas, ruins of an Aztek palace, 

 126. 



Cashmere, valley of, 69. 



Cassiquiare, the river of, 159, 160. 



Castacete, 13S. 



Castille, plateau of, its elevation, 58. 



Casuarinese, 221 ; one of the vegetable 

 forms by -which the aspect of Nature is 

 principally determined, 226 ; the prin- 

 cipal vegetable form of Australia, 313, 

 314; physiognomy of the, 330. 



Cataracts of the Orinoco, dissertation on 

 the, 139 et seq. ; illustrative notes to, 

 174-190. 



of Maypures and Atures, general 



account of, 162 et seq. 



Cattle of South America, 11, 125; vast 

 quantities of, in the Pampas of, 14, 137. 



Caura, sources of the, 162. 



Causeways of the Inca road over the 

 the Andes, 394, 424. 



Caxamarca (the ancient capital of the 

 Inca Atahuallpa), Humboldt's journey 

 over the plateau or table-land of, 390- 

 420; the scene of the sanguinary his- 

 tory of the Spanish conquest, 403 ; ori- 

 ginally called Cassamarca, the " City 

 of Frost,'' 407 ; fertile valley of, 407; 

 general description of, 40S; ancient fort 

 and palace of Atahuallpa, 408-411; de- 

 scendants of the Inca resident at, 411- 

 41 o ; Humboldt's departure from, 415 ; 

 and arrival at the Pacific, 419; illus- 

 trative notes on, 421-436. 



Cayos Flamenco, Bonito, &c, coral 

 islands of, 257. 



Celaya, elevation of the, 208. 



Central fire of the earth connected with 

 volcanic eruptions, 65, 66, 67, 360, 

 361, 372. 



Cereals, on the culture of, 128, 129. 



Cerro Duida River, 178. 



Cervus Mexicanus, 133. 



Cesalpinea?, 220. 



Chagos Bank, formed of coral, 254, 255. 



Chamaya, Rio de, 399, 400, 401 ; fall of 

 its waters, 400, 427. 



Chasars, early migration of the, 5. 



Cherson, situation and temperature of, 104. 



Chiguires, herds of, in South America, 

 12, 135. 



Chihuahua, elevation of, 208. 



Chimborazo, elevation of, 43; butterflies 

 and other winged insects found on the 

 summit of, 210, 232 ; peculiar colour 

 of the water flowing from, 160; eleva- 

 tion of the four peaks, Pomarape, Gua- 

 lateiri, Parinacota, and Sahama, 204; 

 the vertical height, 234; probable de- 

 rivation of the name, 234; defined as 

 " the snow of Chimbo," 235 ; the name 

 probably transmitted fr»m a bygone 

 age, 235. 



Chinchilla, the, 233. 



Chinchon, Countess de, biographical no- 

 tices of, 390, 422. 



Chinese, ancient orographic knowledge 

 of the, 56. 



Choropampa, plain of, 406. 



Chota, ruins of, 204; silver mines of, 402, 

 403. 



Cidaris, species of, 403. 



Cinchona, its first discovery and medi- 

 cal virtues, 390, 422; itshab'tat and 

 natural history, 391. 



Cinchona bark hunters, 281. 



Civilization, limits of, in South America, 

 19, 140; and remains of, 207; pro- 

 gressive stages of, 398; in ancient 

 Mexico and Peru, 425. 



Climate, of South America, 7; general 

 disquisition on, 95 et seq. ; of North 

 America, 100 et seq. ; forms the vari- 

 ous characteristics of nations, 219. 



Climbing plants, 331, 332. 



Coast Reefs, situation of, 253. 



Cochabamba, Cordilleras of, 84. 



Coctiyza, el Mogote de, rock of, 161. 



Coelebogyne, germination of the, 245. 



Colossochelys, 222. 



Columbia, cataracts and shores of the, 37. 



Columbus, his voyage through the fucus 



