INDEX. 



445 



Kyllyngiee, the steppes covered -with, 16. 

 Kynngar Pass, elevation and vegetation 

 of, 79. 



Labiate, 285, 286. 



Lagoon Islands, 254; hypothesis respect- 

 ing, 261. 



Lagos, elevation of, 208. 



Lake Istaca, sources and elevation of, 40. 



Superior, its elevation, 39. 



Lakbar Pass, ascent to the, 80. 



Lama, of South America, 126. 



Landscape-painters, leading forms of ve- 

 getation, instructions to, 346. 



painting, on the beauties of, as de- 

 rived from the vegetable kingdom, 346, 

 347. 



Languages, variety of, in the South 

 American wilds, 20; changes in the 

 terms of, 191; in language truth to 

 nature should be the chief object, 192. 



Latent life, disquisition on, 242, 243. 



Lecidese, 10, 125. 



Leguminosae, 280, 284, 285, 2S6. 



Lemaur, Don F., his trigonometrical 

 survey of the Bahia de Xagua, 174. 



Lepidosiren, periodic torpidity of, 243. 



Leprarise, the, 214. 



Leucopria, 213; modulata, 251. 



Lianes, or creeping plants, one of the 

 vegetable forms by which the aspect 

 of Nature "*is principally determined, 

 227, 331. 



Lichens, 10, 125. 



Liliacere, one of the vegetable forms by 

 which the aspect of Nature is chiefly 

 determined, 229, 341. 



Lima, observations for determining the 

 longitude of. 420, 435, 436. 



Limande, of the Orinoco, 203. 



Lions, of South America, 12; nocturnal 

 roar of, 199; not to be found in the 

 Sahara, 90. 



Lithodendra, the, 253. 



Lithophytes, the, 214, 251 et seq. 



Llanos of South America, 2; the great 

 plains of the, 7; extent of, 8; adapted 

 for breeding cattle, 10; have become 

 habitable to man, 13, 14; extension of, 

 22; of Caracas, 26.27, 94; elevation 

 of, 27; of Barcelona, 28; effect of, 

 on the mind, 28; general observations 

 on, 29; of the valley of the Amazon, 

 83; situated in the torrid zone, 88; de 

 Apure, temperature of, 137; exten- 



sively overflowed by the Orinoco, 



185. 

 Lbffling's expedition to Curnana, 181. 

 Loxa, town of, 390. 

 Luminosity of sea-water, 246; attributed 



to Mollusca, 247 et seq. 

 Lupata, the Cordilleras of, covered with 



eternal snow, 9; mountain range of, 



120. 

 Lyctonia, ancient land of, 265, 266. 



Macos, race of the, 20. 



Microcystis pyrifera, a species of marine 



fucus, colossal size of, 276. 

 Macusi Indians, religious traditions of 



the, 147. 

 Madagascar River, hedgehogs and tor- 

 toises of, 242, 243. 



Madrepores, the, 253. 



Magdalena River, called "The Great 

 Water," by the natives, 155; valley of, 

 416. 



Magellan, straits of, the temperature of, 

 107. 



Magnetic needle, physical effects of the 

 sudden variations of the, 249. 



Mahu River, description of the, 186. 



Majonkong Indians, mountainous country 

 of the, 176, 180. 



Malvaceae (Mallows), one of the vege- 

 table forms by which the aspect of 

 Nature is principally determined, 224; 

 its various families, 305, 306 ; on the 

 natural history of the, 306. 



Mammalia, the ratio of their numerical 

 distribution, 287, 28S. 



Man, various races of, in the South 

 American wilds, 20, 142; his ferocity 

 in a savage state, 20, 151; discordant 

 elements of, even in civilized life, 21 ; 

 everywhere is man opposed to man, 21 ; 

 the monuments of his creative genius 

 pass away, while the life-springs of 

 Nature remain eternal, 173. 



Manco Capac, his mysterious appearance 

 in Peru, 397. 



Manimi, perilous cataract ledges of, 166. 



Mapires, the coffins of the Indians, 171. 



Maps, of South America, 181. 



Maquitares, race of the, 20. 



Mar de Sargasso, geographical situation 

 of, 48. 



Maranon, valley of, 402. 



Maravaca, mountain of, 179. 



Marmot, the, 233. 



