448 



INDEX. 



Alpine regions, 83, 94; of the Andes, 

 in Peru, elevation and description of, 

 392, 407. 



Paramu River, 176. 



Parasitic vermes, 251. 



Parime, mountain chain of the, 161, 162, 

 200; the terra incognita of South 

 America, 178; the lake of, alleged to 

 be the source of the Orinoco, 181, 

 Zahulon, 187; a general name for 

 Mater or sea, 183; the great Mar de ' 

 la, proved to he the Lake Amucu, 188. 



Paropanisus, the snow-crowned summits 

 of 155, 175. 



Parras, elevation of, 208. 



Paspalum, the steppes covered with, 16. 



Passo del Norte, elevation of, 208. 



Pastos, Province de los, its elevation, 58. 



Peccary, tracts of the, 197. 



Pentastoma, 213; a division of the para- 

 sitic vermes, 251. 



Peru, remains of the great road formed 

 by the Incas, 393-397. 



Periplus of Scylax, 43. 



Peru, Pizarro's invasion of, 395, 397; 

 historical notions of, 397; treasures 

 taken from the temples of, by the 

 Spaniards, 410, 430; ancient worship 

 of the sun, 430, 431. 



Petrifactions, wonderful phenomena pre- 

 sented by the study of, 373. 



Phanerogamic plants, 220, 233, 276; 

 immense variety of, 276-278; nume- 

 rical relations of 279 et seq. 



Philippines, inhabited by the Spanish 

 race, 191. 



Phoenicians, extent of their discoveries, 

 110, 111. 



Phosphorescence of the ocean, 212, 245. 



Photocharis, luminosity of the, 247. 



Phyllodia, 345. 



Phyto-corals, 252, 253. 



Pinduri, perpetual snow-line of the, 77. 



Pine forest at Chilpanzingo, 328, 329; 

 of South America, 194, 231 ; elevated 

 situation of some growing in Mexico, 

 315; various species of, in Europe, 318; 

 their geographical distribution, 321 ; 

 gigantic forms of, :^23-325. 



Pinnate leaves, physiognomy of, 352. 



Piragua, mouth of the, 166. 



Pirara River, course of the, 186. 



Pirigara, singular properties of the, 318. 



Piriguao, one of the noblest species of 

 palm-trees, 161, 185. 



Pizarro's invasion of Peru, 395, 397. 



Plains, desert, of Africa, 2; vast extent 

 of, 3; of Asia, 4. 



Plains. See Steppes, Llanos, &c. 



Plantains, one of the plants by which the 

 aspect of Nature is principally deter- 

 mined, 224, 227; immense one in 

 Lycia, 272. 



Plants, various species of, in the great 

 Asiatic Steppes, 4; different charac- 

 teristics of, in Africa and South Ame- 

 rica, 10; on the cultivation of, in 

 elevated plateaux, 62; in the Llanos 

 of the Caracas, 94; the farinaceous 

 grasses, 128; ideas on the physiognomy 

 of, 210-231; illustrative notes, 232- 

 352; universality of their existence, 

 214; causes of the absence of, over 

 large tracts of land, 216, 217; sixteen 

 forms by which the aspect of Nature 

 is principally determined, 221-229 et 

 passim; Palms, 223; Plantains, or 

 Bananas, Malvaceae and Bombaceae, 

 224; Mimosas, Heaths, 225; Cac- 

 tuses, Orchideae, Casuarinere, 226; 

 Couiferae, Pothos, Lianes, 227 ; Aloes, 

 Grasses, 228; Ferns, Liliaceaa, Wil- 

 lows, Myrtaceae, Melastornacese, and 

 Laurinese, 229; on the numerous 

 species of Phanerogamia, and their ex- 

 tensive geographical distribution, 276- 

 294; illustrative notes on the various 

 forms of plants which principally de- 

 termine the aspect of Nature, 296-346 

 et passim; as yet imperfectly explored 

 in South America, 292-294 ; gigantic 

 pines and cypresses, 323, 324, 326; 

 beauties of the aspect of, 346, 349 ; 

 general view of the physiognomy of, 

 349-352; on the similarity of vegeta- 

 tive forms, 351. 



In addition to the plants above enumera- 

 ted, the following which occur pas- 

 sim, are referred to under their respec- 

 tive alphabetical entries: — Acacia?, 

 Alders, Amentaceae, AmyKdaleae, Aris- 

 tolochias, Arundaria, Bambu>acea?, 

 Banyans, Bignonias, Carolinas, Cala- 

 diums, Caesalpina, Composite, Crescen- 

 tia, Cruciferae, Cryptogamia, Cupu- 

 liferae, Custaceae, Cyaceae, Cynometia, 

 Cyperaceae, Dioeciae, Bicotyledons, 

 Ephidiae, Ericaceae, Escalloneee. Eu- 

 phorbiaceae, Fucus, Ghimaceae, Gus- 

 tavia, Hymeneae, Juncaceae, Labiatae, 

 Leguminosae, Melastomas, Melocactus, 

 Monocotyledons, Oaks, Opuntiaceae, 



