CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER Xir. 



Valparaiso^Excursion to the Foot of the Andes 

 — Structure of the Lar.«l— Ascend the Bell of 

 Quillota — Shattered Masses of Greenstone — 

 Immense Valleys — Mines — State cf Miners 

 — Santiago — Hot-baths of Cauquenes — Gold- 

 mines — Grinding-mills — Perforated Stones 

 — Habits of the Puma — El Turco and Tapa- 

 «olo— Humming-birds 252 



CHAPTER XHI. 



Chiloe — General Aspect — Boat Excursion — 

 Native Indians— Castro— Tame Fox— Ascend 

 San Pedro — Chonos Arcliipelago— Peninsula 

 of Tres Montes — Granit.c Range — Boat- 

 \NTecked Sailors— Low's Harbour— Wild Po- 

 tato — Formation of Peat — Myopotamus, 

 Otter and Mice — Cheucau and Barking-bird 

 — Opetiorhynchus — Singular Cliaracter of Or- 

 nithology—Petrels 273 



CHAPTER XIV. 



San Carlos, Cliiloe — Osorno in eruption, con- 

 temporaneously with Aconcagua and Cose- 

 guina — Ride to Cucao — Impenetrable forests 

 — Valdi\ia— Indians— Earthquake — Concep- 

 cion — Great eartliquake — Rocks fissured — 

 Appearance of the former towns — The sea 

 black and boiling — Direction of the vibra- 

 tions — Stones twisted round— Great Wave — 

 Permanent elevation of the land — Area of 

 volcanic phenomena — 'Hie connexion be- 

 tween the elevatory and eruptive forces — 

 Cause of earthquakes — Slow elevation of 

 Mountain-chains 291 



CHAFfER XV, 



Valparaiso— Portillo pass— Sagacity of mules— 

 Alountain torrents — Mines, how discovered 

 — Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cor- 

 dillera — ElTect of snow on rocks -Geological 

 structure of the two main ranges — Their dis- 

 tinct origin and upheaval — Great subsidence 

 — Red snow — Winds — Pinnacles of snow — 

 Dry and clear atmosphere — Eiectricitv — 

 Pampas— Zoolo^'v of the opposite sides of the 

 Andes — Locusts — Great bugs — Mendoza — 

 Uspallata Pass— Silicified trees buried as 

 thev grew — Incas Bridge — Badness of the 



• pisses exaggerated — Cumbre — Casuchas— 

 Valparaiso 3;;^ 



CHAPTER XVI. 



Doast-road to Coquimbo — Great loads carried 

 by the miners — Coquimbo — Earthquake— 

 Step-formed terraces — Absence of recent de- 

 posits—Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary 

 formations — Excursion up tlie valley — Roail 

 to Guasco — Deserts — Valiey of Copiap6 — 

 Rain and earthquakes — Hydrophobia— Tlie 

 Despoblado — Indian Ruins— l*robable change 

 of climate — River-bed arched by an earth- 

 quake — Cold gales of wind — Noises from a 

 hill — Iquique — Salt alluvium — Nitrate of 

 scxla — Lima— Unhealthy country — Ruins of 

 Callao, overthrown by an earthquake — Recent 

 subsidence— Elevated sliells on San Lorenzo, 

 their decomposition -Plain with embedded 

 ahells and fragments of pottery— Antiquity 

 cf tlio Indian Rac« ;^V7 



CHAPTER XVII. 



Galapagos Archipelago — The whole group vol* 

 canic — Number of craters — Leafless buahes— 

 Colony at Charles Island— James Island— 

 Salt-lake in crater— Natural History of the 

 group — Ornithology, curious finches— Rep- 

 tiles— Great tortoises, habits of— Marine li- 

 zard, feeds on sea-weed — Terrestrial lizard, 

 burrowing habits, herbivorous— Importance 

 of reptiles in the Archipelago — Fish, shells, 

 insects — Botany — American type of organi- 

 zation — Differences in the species or races on 

 different islands — Tameness of the birds- 

 Fear of man, an acquired instinct 372 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



Pass through the Low Archipelago— Tahiti- 

 Aspect— Ve;^etation on the Mountains — View 

 of Eimeo — Excursion into the Interior — Pro- 

 found Ravines — Succession of Waterfalls — 

 Number of wild useful Plants — Temperance 

 of the Inhabitants— Their moral state— Par- 

 liament convened — New Zealand — Bay of 

 Islands — Hippahs — Excursion to Waimate — 

 Missionary Establishment— English Weeds 

 now run wild — Waiomio — Funeral of a New 

 Zealand Woman — Sail for Australia. ... 402 



CHAPTER XIX. 

 Sydney — Excursion to Bathurst — Aspect of the 

 Woods— Party of Natives — Gradual extinc- 

 tion of the Aborigines — Infection generated 

 by associated men in health — Blue Moun- 

 tains — View of the grand gulf-like Valleys — 

 Tlieir origin and formation— Bathurst, gene- 

 ral civility of the lower orders— State of So- 

 ciety—Van Diemen's Land— Hobart Town 

 — Aborigines all banished — Mount Welling- 

 ton — King George's Sound — Cheerless aspect 

 of the Country — Bald Head, calcareous casts 

 of branches of trees — Party of Natives— Leave 

 Australia ' 431 



CHAPTER XX. 



Keoling Island — Singular appearance— Scanty 

 Flora — Transport of Seeds— Birds and Insects 

 — El)bing and flowing Wells — Fields of 

 dead Coral — Stones transported in the roots 

 of trees — Great Crab — Stinging Corals — 

 Coral-eating Fish— Coral Formations — I^- 

 uoon Islands, or Atolls — Depth at which reef- 

 building Corals can live— Vast Areas inter- 

 spersed with low Coral Islands — Subsidence 

 of their foundations — Barrier Reefs— Fring 

 ing Iteefs- Conversion ofFringing Reefs into 

 Biirrier Reefs, and into Atolls— Evidence 0/ 

 changes in Level — Breaches in Barrier Reefs 

 — Maldiva Atolls; their peculiar structure — 

 Dead and submer,'ed Reefs — Areas of siibsi 

 denceand elevation — Distribution of Volcano 

 — Subsidence slow, and vast in amount.. 452 



CHAPTER XXI. 



Mauritius, beautiful appearance of — Great cra- 

 teriform ring of Mountains— Hindoos — St 

 Helena— History of the changes in the ve e- 

 tation — Cause of the extinction of land-shells 

 — Ascension — Variation in the imported rat* 

 — Volcanic Bombs — Beds of infusoria — Baliia 

 — Brazil — Splendour of tropical scenery— Per 

 nambuco — Singular Reef — Slavery— Return 

 to England — Retrospect on our voyage.. 4s3 



Index 507 



