30 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF • 



early as 1818, it appears that Ciivier saw reason to alter 

 this o^nion, and to adopt the view suggested several years 

 before by Blnmenbach,^ and after him by Tilesius, that 

 the Bornean Pongo is simply an adult Orang. In 1824, 

 Rudolphi demonstrated, by the condition of the dentition, 

 more fully and completely than had been done by his pred- 

 ecessors, that the Orangs described up to that time were 

 all young animals, and that the skull and teeth of the 

 adult would probably be such as those seen in the Pongo 

 of Wurmb. In the second edition of the ' Regne Animal ' 

 (1829), Cuvier infers, from the ' proportions of all the 

 parts ' and ' the arrangements of the foramina and sutures 

 of the head,' that the Pongo is the adult of the Orang- 

 utan, ' at least of a very closely allied species,' and this 

 conclusion was eventually placed beyond all doubt by 

 Professor Owen's Memoir published in the ' Zoological 

 Transactions ' for 1835, and by Temminck in his ' Monog- 

 raphies de Mammalogie.' Temminck's memoir is remark- 

 able for the completeness of the evidence which it affords 

 as to the modification which the form of the Orang under- 

 goes according to age and sex. Tiedemann first published 

 an account of the brain of the young Orang, while Sandi- 

 fort, Miiller and Schlegel, described the muscles and the 

 viscera of the adult, and gave the earliest detailed and 

 trustworthy history of the habits of the great Indian Ape 

 in a state of nature ; and as important additions have been 

 made by later observers, we are at this moment better ac- 

 quainted with the adult of the Orang-Utan, than with that 

 of any of the other greater man-like Apes. 



It is certainly the Pongo of Wurmb ;•)' and it is as 



* See Blumenbach, "Abbildungen Naturhistorichen Gegeustiinde," No. 12, 

 1810; and Tilesius, " Naturhistoriche Fruchte der ersten Kaiserlich-Rus- 

 sischen Erdumsegelung," p. 115, 1813. 



f Speaking broadly and without prejudice to the question, whether there 

 be more than one species of Orang. 



